Under the Cover of Darkness: How Ambient Light Influences Criminal Activity

Doleac, Jennifer L.; Sanders, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1162/rest_a_00547

Cited by 138 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…News stories about the LA transit stoppages similarly document delayed receipt of medical care and a decreased likelihood of filling necessary prescriptions (Bernstein, Hernandez, and Hoffman 2003). Finally, travelers substitute away from public transportation long-term after a transit strike (van Excel and Rietveld 2001). Our work highlights that additional social costs and welfare losses are imposed due to transit strikes through an increase in crime, and importantly, that these social costs are largely borne by individuals living in poorer neighborhoods.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms and Social Costsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…32 Public transportation work stoppages such as these had debilitating short-term and long-term effects on the community. Surveying 13 public transportation labor strikes in the United States and Europe, van Excel and Rietveld (2001) show that large numbers of trips are canceled during strikes, including trips to work and doctor's appointments; automobile traffic becomes congested with significant increases in commute times; and there are subsequent long-term decreases in the use of public transportation. Other studies of transit strikes have documented a decrease in overall welfare due to increased traffic, pollution, and vehicle accidents (Anderson 2014;Bauernschuster, Hener, and Rainer 2017;Lo and Hall 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Related to these concerns, Bauernschuster, Hener, and Rainer (2017) find that transportation strikes increase the number of vehicle accidents, accident-related injuries, and respiratory hospital admissions among youth. Surveying 13 public transportation labor strikes in the United States and Europe, van Excel and Rietveld (2001) show that large numbers of doctor's appointments are canceled during strikes. News stories about the LA transit stoppages similarly document delayed receipt of medical care and a decreased likelihood of filling necessary prescriptions (Bernstein, Hernandez, and Hoffman 2003).…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms and Social Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Transport and Crime: Evidence From Unanticipated Mass Transit Strikes

et al. 2019

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We examine the effects of mass transit strikes on criminal behavior in Los Angeles County utilizing a unique dataset of reported crimes between 2000 and 2007. Geocoded location and time information pertaining to each offense accommodates a fine grained difference‐in‐differences panel data analysis. We find that in locations affected by the strike, aggravated assaults rose by 18.7% while aggregate property crimes increased by 5.7%, relative to their mean. This increase in crime was disproportionately larger in lower income neighborhoods, which report higher usage of mass transit, suggesting local isolation of both criminals and victims as a mechanism. (JEL J52, K42, K31)

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Section: Potential Mechanisms and Social Costsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Mechanisms and Social Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Transport and Crime: Evidence From Unanticipated Mass Transit Strikes

et al. 2019

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“…Using RD and DD approaches, they find that the shift to daylight saving time and resulting increase in daylight during certain hours leads to a decrease in robberies. Both the Doleac and Sanders (2015) paper and this paper thus use exogenous policy variation to examine a parameter of a rational offender's utility maximization problem-namely, punishment probability and punishment severity, respectively-and both studies find evidence that the parameter in question affects offender behavior. The incarceration-related analysis in this paper partly aligns with the approach taken by Neal and Rick (2016), who use the same data source to quantify changes in the severity of corrections policies from 1985 through 2005 and how such policy changes differed for blacks compared with whites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In its approach to examining criminal behavior, this study aligns with one by Doleac and Sanders (2015), who explore the impact of the probability of arrest on criminal activity by examining daylight-saving-time-induced changes in ambient light. Using RD and DD approaches, they find that the shift to daylight saving time and resulting increase in daylight during certain hours leads to a decrease in robberies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Punishment and Crime: The Impact of Felony Conviction on Criminal Activity

Jackson¹

2020

Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers

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This paper uses increases in felony larceny thresholds as a negative shock to felony conviction probability to examine the impact of punishment severity on criminal behavior. In the theft value distribution between old and new larceny thresholds ("response region"), higher thresholds cause a 2 percent increase in the average larceny value within 120 days of enactment. However, within five years of enactment, response region average larceny values and rates decline 2 percent and 13 percent, respectively, in low-wage areas. Thus, under certain market conditions, smaller expected penalties may reduce incentives and deter crime in the long run. JEL Classifications: K14, K42, J22

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Cross-cutting issues of energy

Angelou¹,

Bazilian²,

Rodrı́guez³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Highlights • The energy sector is intertwined with water, food, public health, and gender matters. Hence a nexus perspective increases understanding of these interdependencies, enhancing efficiency, balancing trade-offs, building synergies, and improving governance. Energy helps to achieve secure and equal access to productive resources and inputs, helps to sustain food production systems, and helps to boost investment in rural infrastructure and technology. It also facilitates access to safe drinking water and sanitation, improvement of water quality, and expansion of wastewater treatment. Energy can help reduce death and illness from air, water, and soil pollution and contamination. It can also support women's equal rights to economic and natural resources, enhance use of enabling technology, and help prevent violence against women and girls in public and private places. • The three objectives of Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) are closely interwoven into the four nexus areas-water, food, health, and gender. Providing universal access to modern energy services, increasing the share of renewable energy (RE), and improving energy efficiency will greatly influence them. • The SE4All objectives generate multiple nexus opportunities and challenges. Water security may be increased if water-related risks are managed well and contamination risks minimized. Similarly, food security may improve, and RE sources may help decouple food prices from energy prices, while managing production of energy crops. Global health may improve further as efforts focus on reducing air pollution and strengthening health services delivery. Finally, gender equality can be enhanced as time poverty decreases through better energy services and as women participate more actively in the energy value chain. • Although existing data capture part of the nexus approach, improvements are needed in all four sectors to accurately monitor intersectoral impacts, supporting policymakers in developing integrated policies. cHAPTER 6 cROSS-cUT TING ISSUES OF ENERGY relationships early on is of great importance in targeting synergies and forestalling potential tensions. The means by which the SE4All objectives are pursued (policies, regulations, technology, and institutions) will determine the positive and negative impacts on nexus areas. Water requirements will depend on the amount of energy produced and on the technology mix. Improved energy access will raise the energy available for extracting and treating water, but will add pressure on water resources. A higher share of RE in the energy mix may help reduce water intensity in energy, as photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind energy gain share, but global energy supply from water-intensive thermal plants is also expected to grow. Water efficiency should increase as old, inefficient power plants are replaced. Food security will benefit. Access to modern energy services in agriculture helps raise food production, often improving farm income, while the uptake of RE in agrifood systems helps in decoupling agricu...

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Under the Cover of Darkness: How Ambient Light Influences Criminal Activity

Cited by 138 publications

References 29 publications

Urban Transport and Crime: Evidence From Unanticipated Mass Transit Strikes

Urban Transport and Crime: Evidence From Unanticipated Mass Transit Strikes

Punishment and Crime: The Impact of Felony Conviction on Criminal Activity

Cross-cutting issues of energy

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