Under-utilized herbs and spices

Ravindran, P. N.; Pillai, Geetha S.; Babu, K. Nirmal

doi:10.1533/9781855738355.1.53

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Food and Drug Administration banned usage its oil in food formulations and in other therapeutic preparations[105] due carcinogenic and toxic properties of β-asarone compound. [106]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nootropic herbs (Medhya Rasayana) in Ayurveda: An update

Kulkarni¹,

Girish²,

Kumar³

2012

Phcog Rev

101

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Cognitive deficits that present with many of neuropsychiatric conditions and/or alone as developmental deficit demand use of nootropics to boost cognitive abilities. Recently there is a tremendous urge to explore medicinal plants globally for improving cognitive function owing to their less adverse effects. Ayurveda provides a list of herbs known for nootropic activity as well as their multi-dimensional utility in various conditions. Present paper is a review to update knowledge on pharmacological properties, major chemical constituents, therapeutic actions, preclinical studies, safety and possible mode of action of the selected herbs from ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. Concurrently, it opens up for further research and standardization on nootropic herbs

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“…Food and Drug Administration banned usage its oil in food formulations and in other therapeutic preparations[105] due carcinogenic and toxic properties of β-asarone compound. [106]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nootropic herbs (Medhya Rasayana) in Ayurveda: An update

Kulkarni¹,

Girish²,

Kumar³

2012

Phcog Rev

101

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“…Though the calamus oil obtained from A. calamus has several medicinal, aromatic and industrial properties, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned its use in the food formulations and therapeutic preparations due to the carcinogenic and toxic properties of the β-asarone compounds; a major and active constituent in the oil (Riaz et al 1995;Ravindran and Balachandran 2004). The European Union (EU) has also recommended the limits of calamus oil utilization i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally distributed in temperate countries like North America, Canada and Europe. In India, the plants of A. calamus are found throughout, predominantly in Himalayan and subhimalayan regions (Karthikeyan et al 1989;Ravindran and Balachandran 2004). A. calamus has been considered for a long time to be a member of the Araceae and only recently it has been removed from the family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The different parts of A. calamus like rhizome, roots and leaves have been used traditionally from ancient times in India for the treatment of various ailments. The rhizome contains active ingredients and possesses insecticidal, antifungal, antibacterial and allopathic properties (Ravindran and Balachandran 2004). In the Ayurvedic system of medicine, the rhizomes are considered to posses antispasmodic, antidepressant, anxiolytic properties (Mcgaw et al 2002;Raina et al 2003;Bertea et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and chemical profiling of ‘sweet flag’ (Acorus calamus L.) germplasm from India

Rana

Mahar

Pandey

et al. 2013

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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In the present study, molecular (DAMD and ISSR) and chemical (α and β-asarone contents) markers were used to characterize the A. calamus genotypes procured from different parts of India. The cumulative analysis carried out for both DAMD and ISSR markers revealed 24.71 % polymorphism across all genotypes of A. calamus. The clustering patterns of the genotypes in the UPGMA tree showed that the genotypes are diverse, and did not show any specific correlation with their geographical provenances, reflecting the low level of genetic diversity and a high genetic differentiation among the genotypes from the same localities. All the 27 genotypes of A. calamus were also analyzed for α and β-asarone contents, and percentage of essential oil. The genotype (Ac13) from Kullu (Himachal Pradesh) showed maximum (9.5 %) percentage of oil, whereas corresponding minimum (2.8 %) was obtained from the genotypes from Pangthang (Sikkim). Similarly, the highest α and β-asarone contents (16.82 % and 92.12 %) were obtained from genotypes from Renuka (Himachal Pradesh) and Udhampur (Jammu & Kashmir), while lowest α and β-asarone contents (0.83 % and 65.96 %) resulted from Auranwa (Uttar Pradesh) and Pangthang (Sikkim) genotypes, respectively. A. calamus harbours tremendous economic value, and it is therefore, important to identify the genotypes with low α and β-asarone contents for its commercial utilization. Further, this study will help in evaluation and documentation of a large number of diverse genotypes for their value traits.

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“…Its ubiquitous presence in several tropical and temperate regions is attributed to the intentional introduction of its rhizome by humans (Pai 2005). In India, it is used in several drugs of the Unani and Ayurvedic health care systems (Ravindran and Balachandran 2004). The essential oil obtained from the rhizome called calamus oil contains 'β-Asarone', which is carcinogenic in nature (Bertea et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic structure and diversity of high value vulnerable medicinal plant Acorus calamus in India using RAPD and chloroplast microsatellite markers

Ginwal

Mittal

Tomar

et al. 2011

Journal of Forestry Research

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Acorus calamus is a highly valued medicinal plant with global distribution used in several drugs of health care systems. We evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of 50 populations of A. calamus from different geographical regions in India through RAPD and chloroplast microsatellite markers. From the total screened 82 RAPD primers and 18 cpSSR primers, 10 RAPD and nine cpSSRs were found polymorphic. The selected 10 RAPD primers produced a total of 96 reproducible bands, out of which 65 were polymorphic (67.70%). Whereas, the selected nine cpSSR markers produced 26 alleles and all of them were polymorphic. The mean genetic diversity (H T ) among populations using RAPD (H T = 0.263) and cpSSR (H T = 0.530) markers was higher in comparison to the mean genetic diversity within populations. Mean coefficient of gene differentiation (G ST ) between the populations was also high for both RAPD (G ST = 0.830) and cpSSR markers (G ST = 0.735), whereas the estimated gene flow was very low for RAPD (Nm = 0.102) and for cpSSR (Nm = 0.179). AMOVA analysis revealed that more genetic variation resided among the populations than within populations. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed between the populations and individuals within the populations. Cluster analysis of RAPD and cpSSR data using UPGMA algorithm based on Nei's genetic similarity matrix placed the 50 populations into two main clusters. The implication of the results of this study in devising strategy for conservation of A. calamus is discussed.

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Under-utilized herbs and spices

Cited by 34 publications

References 44 publications

Nootropic herbs (Medhya Rasayana) in Ayurveda: An update

Nootropic herbs (Medhya Rasayana) in Ayurveda: An update

Molecular and chemical profiling of ‘sweet flag’ (Acorus calamus L.) germplasm from India

Population genetic structure and diversity of high value vulnerable medicinal plant Acorus calamus in India using RAPD and chloroplast microsatellite markers

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