Underage drinking: does the minimum age drinking law offer enough protection?

Green, Rivka; Jason, Hannah; Ganz, Debora

doi:10.1515/ijamh-2015-5002

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…With regard to non-financial restrictions on alcohol availability, sales outlet restrictions, such as government monopolies and outlet density, can reduce alcohol use and related crime 265,266 . Similarly, despite arguments that underage youths can obtain alcohol from older peers and siblings, age restrictions on alcohol also reduce alcohol consumption 267,268 . This finding is also supported by more frequent and heavier youth alcohol consumption in regions with limited existing or enforced age restrictions or younger age restrictions 269,270 .…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders

MacKillop

Agabio

Ewing

et al. 2022

Nat Rev Dis Primers

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in the article. Outside his federal employment, LL receives an honorarium from the UK Medical Council on Alcoholism (Editor-in-Chief for Alcohol and Alcoholism) and royalties from Routledge for a textbook. Dr. Palmer is on the Scientific Advisory Board of Vivid Genomics and is listed as an inventor on US patent US20160038559A1. MH is a member of the scientific advisory council of the Swedish Medical Products Agency, and Scientific Advisor to the Board of Health and Social Welfare; his views expressed here do not represent those of these agencies; MH has

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Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders

MacKillop

Agabio

Ewing

et al. 2022

Nat Rev Dis Primers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With regard to non-financial restrictions on alcohol availability, sales outlet restrictions, such as government monopolies and outlet density, can reduce alcohol use and related crime 259,260 . Similarly, despite arguments that underage youths can obtain alcohol from older peers and siblings, age restrictions on alcohol also reduce alcohol consumption 261,262 . This finding is also supported by more frequent and heavier alcohol consumption by youths in regions with limited existing or enforced age restrictions or younger age restrictions 263,264 .…”

Section: Young Adult Adverse Alcohol Consequences Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

Hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders

2022

Nat Rev Dis Primers

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Alcohol is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive drugs globally. Hazardous drinking, defined by quantity and frequency of consumption, is associated with acute and chronic morbidity. Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are psychiatric syndromes characterized by impaired control over drinking and other symptoms. Contemporary aetiological perspectives on AUDs apply a biopsychosocial framework that emphasizes the interplay of genetics, neurobiology, psychology, and an individual's social and societal context. There is strong evidence that AUDs are genetically influenced, but with a complex polygenic architecture. Likewise, there is robust evidence for environmental influences, such as adverse childhood exposures and maladaptive developmental trajectories. Well-established biological and psychological determinants of AUDs include neuroadaptive changes following persistent use, differences in brain structure and function, and motivational determinants including overvaluation of alcohol reinforcement, acute effects of environmental triggers and stress, elevations in multiple facets of impulsivity, and lack of alternative reinforcers. Social factors include bidirectional roles of social networks and sociocultural influences, such as public health control strategies and social determinants of health. An array of evidence-based approaches for reducing alcohol harms are available, including screening, pharmacotherapies, psychological interventions and policy strategies, but are substantially underused. Priorities for the field include translating advances in basic biobehavioural research into novel clinical applications and, in turn, promoting widespread implementation of evidence-based clinical approaches in practice and health-care systems. Sections 0123456789();:Primer between countries 4 . Moreover, the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) have substantively different categories for defining clinically meaningful alcohol involvement. The DSM-5 has one diagnosis (that is, AUD) with three levels of severity, whereas the ICD-11 has two diagnoses with escalating severity (that is, harmful pattern of use of alcohol followed by alcohol dependence) and also a subclinical designation of hazardous alcohol use that denotes a risk factor that has not reached the point of having caused harms to the person or others. Fundamentally, however, these clinical diagnoses reflect an inability to regulate alcohol consumption, and, although not formally designated as such, the more severe manifestations (severe AUD in DSM-5, alcohol dependence in ICD-11) are often considered the clinical equivalent of the colloquial term 'alcoholism' [5][6][7][8] .Given these definitional differences, this Primer primarily uses two terms for clarity. First, the term hazardous drinking is used to refer to drinking behaviour (such as per episode, daily or weekly) that reflect meaningful increases in risk of negative alcohol-related outcom...

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