Underground Development and Reserves of Grasses a Review

Weinmann, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1948.tb00851.x

Cited by 78 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…It is suggested that the amount of shoot remaining for supplying stored food or for photosynthesis is the important factor (Harrison & Hodgson 1939;Lovvorn 1945;Julander 1945;Weinmann 1948).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of repeated defoliation to three different levels on root growth of five pasture species

Evans¹

1973

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Defoliating young plants of perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, timothy, white clover, and red clover to 25 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm above the base of the shoot every second day depressed root elongation in all cases. The 25 mm treatment caused complete or nearly complete cessation of root elongation in all species except white clover, in which the level was reduced to approximately five percent of that of undefoliated plants.The level of root elongation in the three grasses was related to the percentage of leaf h11lilU remaining after the initial defoliation, but this relationship did not hold in the two clovers.] he percentage of roots which died as a result of defoliation was greater in perennial ryegr .iSS than in red or white clovers, although the percentage leaf lamina remaining was higher in the ryegrass. Similarly, cocksfoot, with a greater percentage of leaf lamina remaining, had a greater percentage root death than did the other two grasses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of repeated defoliation to three different levels on root growth of five pasture species

Evans¹

1973

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…Some of these recent papers are by BENEDICT and BROWN (2), PHILLIPS and SMITH (9), MCILVANIE (8), WEIN-MANN and REINHOLD (18), and WEINMANN (13,14,15,16). A review by Weinmann covers the general subject of reserves in grasses (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Temperature on the Growth and Composition of the Stubble and Roots of Perennial Ryegrass

Sullivan¹,

Sprague²

1949

Plant Physiol.

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In a previous paper (12) it was reported that, when perennial ryegrass (Olium perennjj .) was partly defoliated, the remaining plant parts underwent a progressive loss in soluble carbohydrates, namely sugars and fructosan, for a period of several weeks. This loss from the stubble and roots accompanied a rapid formation of new tissue above ground. When new top growth had produced sufficient photosynthetic area to manufacture its own organic matter, storage of soluble carbohydrates took place. When the percentages of the constituents were plotted against time as the abscissa, the soluble carbohydrates displayed a typical U-shaped curve. Many factors undoubtedly influence the slope and extent of this curve and some of these are being investigated. The present report concerns the relationship of temperature to the composition of ryegrass after cutting.The earlier paper included a review of the literature pertinent to the subject of reserves. Since then, other reports concerned with the analyses of forage grasses have verified the fact that soluble carbohydrates and starch function as reserves. More complex carbohydrates and those more resistant to hydrolysis, are not so regarded. Some of these recent papers are by BENEDICT and BROWN (2), PHILLIPS and SMITH (9), MCILVANIE (8), and WEINMANN (13,14,15,16). A review by Weinmann covers the general subject of reserves in grasses (17).Reserves in grasses are closely connected with the resistance of the plants to high temperatures. JULANDER (6) showed that grasses withstood limited exposures to a temperature of 480 C (118.40 F) when they had been previously hardened to dry conditions and had not been severely clipped. Both of these last conditions were conducive to the accumulation of reserve carbohydrates. He also noted differences between species, Kentucky bluegrass dying sooner at this temperature than Bermuda grass and a number of range grasses. At lower temperatures, grasses will survive for longer periods. According to HARRISON (5), Kentucky bluegrass grew very little at a constant temperature of 1000 F after having been defoliated, and died

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“…Most reports deal with the effects of grazing and cutting on carbohydrates in below ground parts (McCarty, 1935;Sullivan & Sprague, 1949, 1953Weinmann, 1948;Baker, 1957;Nelson & Smith, 1968;Sheard, 1973;Lytle & Hull, 1980). In Sheard's paper, translocation of carbohydrates measured with ^^C is discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrates in Roots and Rhizomes of Perennial Grasses

Steen

Larsson²

1986

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYRoots and rhizomes were sampled in a three-year-old grass ley during one year using a mesh bag method and soil coring. Samples, collected after different growth periods (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 12 months) and at different times of the year, were analyzed for carbohydrates and Klason lignin. Throughout the year the rhizomes contained more non-structural carbohydrates (20 to '^0% of the organic matter) than the roots (1 to 8%). The non-structural carbohydrate content varied over the year with a maximum in autumn and minimum in early spring and sunimer after the first grass cut. Fructan was the predominant constituent in this fraction. Structural carbohydrates and Klason lignin showed relatively small variations over the annual cycle. The ratio between structural carbohydrates and Klason lignin showed little variation with time but differed between roots (1-9) and rhizomes (2-5). The xylose content was higher in the roots than in the rhizomes. Only small changes occurred with time in the relative composition of the structural carbohydrates. This consistency in composition implies that there was a difference between subterranean and aerial parts. In the latter, ageing is characterized by increased lignification and systematic changes in structural carbohydrates owing to the formation of secondary cell walls.

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Underground Development and Reserves of Grasses a Review

Cited by 78 publications

References 60 publications

The effect of repeated defoliation to three different levels on root growth of five pasture species

The effect of repeated defoliation to three different levels on root growth of five pasture species

The Effect of Temperature on the Growth and Composition of the Stubble and Roots of Perennial Ryegrass

Carbohydrates in Roots and Rhizomes of Perennial Grasses

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