Undernutrition Among the Children from Different Social Groups in India: Prevalence, Determinants, and Transition Over Time (2005–2006 to 2019–2021)

Ghosh, Pritam

doi:10.1007/s40615-023-01796-y

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…There is a gap in understanding IOP even though numerous studies examining child health disparities in developing nations identify various socioeconomic-related factors such as education ( Ersado & Aran, 2014 ; Makoka & Masibo, 2015 ), household wealth ( Aizawa, 2019 ; Ashley-Cooper et al, 2019 ; Dhamija et al, 2023 ; Ebaidalla, & UNU-WIDER, 2019 ; Ghosh, 2023 ), age ( Mkupete et al, 2022 ), gender ( Chilora & Duchoslav, 2020 ; Mussa, 2015 ), water and sanitation ( Mkupete et al, 2022 ), region of residence ( Liu et al, 2022 ; Pérez-Mesa et al, 2022 ), price volatility ( Mkupete et al, 2022 ). All these studies have resulted in mixed findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolution of inequality of opportunity in the nutritional outcomes of under-five children in Malawi

Mphamba,

Chirwa,

Mazalale

2024

SSM - Population Health

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolution of inequality of opportunity in the nutritional outcomes of under-five children in Malawi

Mphamba,

Chirwa,

Mazalale

2024

SSM - Population Health

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Deconstructing the sex gap in child undernutrition in India: Are Indian boys at elevated risk of anthropometric failure than the girls?

Ghosh

2024

American J Hum Biol

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Backgrounds & ObjectivesThe privileging of boys in immunization coverage, breastfeeding, and other child care practices in Indian patriarchal society raises questions about whether there are sex differences in the prevalence of undernutrition among children. This study evaluates the sex gap in the prevalence of Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) among Indian children from 2015–16 to 2019–21. Additionally, it seeks to identify the sex‐specific determinants and persistent sex gap at national and subnational levels (social, economic, religious, and geopolitical regions) in anthropometric failure among the children from 2015–16 to 2019–21.Materials and MethodsThe study utilizes the 4th (2015–16) and 5th (2019–21) rounds of the National Family Health Survey data. Logistic regression models and the Fairlie decomposition technique were employed to explore the persistent and significant sex gap in the prevalence of CIAF, as well as the sex‐specific determinants of CIAF among children in 2015–16 and 2019–21.ResultsThe study reveals a significant sex gap (approximately 4%‐points), with boy's disadvantage in the prevalence of CIAF from 2015–16 to 2019–21 at both the national and subnational levels (social, religious, socioeconomic groups, and geopolitical regions). The gap is more pronounced in the first year of life and decreases in later stages. A comparatively faster CIAF decline among girls from 2016 to 2021 has widened the sex gap in final year than the previous. Child, mother, household, community, and geographic backgrounds explains about 5%–6% of the sex gap in the prevalence of CIAF from 2015–16 to 2019–21. The remaining 94%–95% of the unexplained sex gap may be attributed to biological factors or other factors. Currently, a heightened boy's disadvantage in CIAF risk is observed in ST community, wealthiest families, and the northern India.ConclusionThe findings suggest a special attention for boys under 3 years to offset biological disadvantages like greater disease sensitivity and fragility compared to girls early on.

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Who is Anaemic in India? Intersections of class, caste, and gender

Das,

Adhikary,

Singha

et al. 2024

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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Anaemia severely impacts physical and mental abilities, raises health risks, and diminishes the quality of life and work capacity. It is a leading cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal mortality, especially in developing nations like India, where recent data on anaemia from National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-4) (2015–16) and NFHS-5 (2019–21) indicate a tremendous rise. Anaemia is a marker of poor nutrition and health, and socio-economic factors such as gender norms, race, income, and living conditions influence its impact. As a result, there are disparities in how anaemia affects different segments of society. However, existing research on health inequity and anaemia often employs a single-axis analytical framework of social power. These studies operate under the assumption that gender, economic class, ethnicity, and caste are inherently distinct and mutually exclusive categories and fail to provide a comprehensive understanding of anaemia prevalence. Therefore, the study has adopted the theoretical framework of intersectionality and analysed the NFHS-5 (2019–21) data using bivariate cross-tabulations and binary logistic regression models to understand how gender, class, caste, and place of residence are associated with the prevalence of anaemia. The results suggest that the women of Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Scheduled Castes (SC) share a disproportionate burden of anaemia. This study confirms that economic class and gender, geographical location, level of education, and body mass index significantly determine the prevalence of anaemia. The ST and SC women who are economically marginalised and reside in rural areas with high levels of poverty, exclusion, and poor nutritional status have a higher prevalence of anaemia than other population groups. Thus, the study suggests that intersections of multiple factors such as caste, class, gender, and place of residence significantly determine ‘who is anaemic in India’.

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Undernutrition Among the Children from Different Social Groups in India: Prevalence, Determinants, and Transition Over Time (2005–2006 to 2019–2021)

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

An evolution of inequality of opportunity in the nutritional outcomes of under-five children in Malawi

An evolution of inequality of opportunity in the nutritional outcomes of under-five children in Malawi

Deconstructing the sex gap in child undernutrition in India: Are Indian boys at elevated risk of anthropometric failure than the girls?

Who is Anaemic in India? Intersections of class, caste, and gender

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