Undernutrition and severe acute malnutrition in children

Ghosh-Jerath, Suparna; Singh, Archna; Jerath, Nameet; Gupta, Suruchi; Racine, Elizabeth F.

doi:10.1136/bmj.j4877

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Investigating the factors associated with underweight children in Northwest Ethiopia, one study observes that children of mothers over 35 years of age are less likely to be underweight. Its justi cation follows that younger women, being less experienced in caretaking, naturally engage in behaviours that are not entirely adequate and/or hygienic for infants (Ghosh-Jerath et al, 2017;Nigatu et al, 2018). Additionally, since adolescent mothers require a higher amount of the nutrients and energy that adhere to their growth and development, pregnancy during these years may slow down their own growth, which may in turn lead to the birth of an underweight infant (Nigatu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Other Determinants Of Undernutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanitation ladder and undernutrition among under-five children in Pakistan

Khan

Fatima

Ali

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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While the state of sanitation in Pakistan has improved in the last decade, a signi cant proportion of its population is still using inadequate sanitation or no toilet facility at all. Open defecation has decreased over the years; however, it has been replaced by poor quality sanitation in rural areas that might still cause diarrhoea and undernutrition. The research regarding inadequate sanitation in Pakistan, especially in terms of the sanitation ladder, remains limited. The present research thus lls this research gap by assessing the impact of different types of sanitation on the prevalence of stunting and underweight (moderate as well as severe) among under-ve children in Pakistan using the nationally representative micro survey, Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18). The sanitation ladder comprises of Piped to Sewer (highest level, base) followed by Flush to Septic Tank, Flush to Pit Latrine, Other Improved, Unimproved Sanitation, and Open Defecation. In order to estimate the adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios of the determinants, this research uses logistic regressions are used to estimate adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios of the determinants. We show that toilets connected to piped sewerage network are rare in the rural areas of Pakistan and a large segment of the rural population is still practicing open defecation. The logistic regressions show that piped sewerage network and ush to septic tanks are associated with lowest odds (both adjusted and unadjusted) of stunting and underweight among underve children. In multivariate regressions, pit latrines are associated with even higher adjusted odds of severe and moderate and severe stunting as well as underweight among under-ve children, showing that poor quality pit latrines may bring the source of faecal contamination to the doorstep of the households. Therefore, interventions targeting reduction in open defecation should promote good quality toilets for sustainable long-term improvements in child health.

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Section: Other Determinants Of Undernutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanitation ladder and undernutrition among under-five children in Pakistan

Khan

Fatima

Ali

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Conditions most commonly associated with malnutrition are stunting (low height for age), wasting (low weight for height), underweight (low weight for age), and morbidity (excess weight) [1]. In cases where it goes untreated, conditions such as marasmus and kwashiorkor may arise resulting in a condition known as severe acute malnutrition [2]. It is estimated that as a result of it, one-third of all child and infant deaths in developing countries are due to malnutrition with African and Asian countries having the (Marama Bean) Germplasm Collection in Namibia highest cases [3].…”

Section: Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical treatment options for malnutrition include treating symptoms which may require hospital admission (especially in cases of severe acute malnutrition), so that provision of nutrition rich food and counselling of caregivers is availed [2]. The first treatment choice is usually a nutrition-based intervention were the children are given nutrition-rich foods in order to restore balance.…”

Section: Solutions To Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Nutritional Analysis of <i>Tylosema esculentum</i> (Marama Bean) Germplasm Collection in Namibia

Mataranyika¹,

Chimwamurombe²,

Fuyane³

et al. 2020

JFNS

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Malnutrition is a medical condition caused by an unbalanced diet, typically characterised by stunting and wasting in children. Malnutrition causes approximately a third of all deaths in children between 0-59 months mostly in developing countries. In Namibia, 24% of children under the age of 5 years are stunted while 6.2% are wasted. Tylosema esculentum, commonly known as marama bean is an underutilised legume of high nutritious value. Indigenous to Namibia, marama bean seeds have comparably high protein and lipid content. Marama bean is an appealing crop to Namibia in particular due to its low cultivation demands as it grows in sandy soils with minimal water requirements and no need for fertilisers. Ten accessions of marama bean seeds were analysed for their nutritional composition. The results indicate that ash content was found ranging between 2.13% and 3.46%. Minerals analysed were calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and zinc. Their range of concentrations were 750.1-2306.2 mgkg-1 , 53.9-322.4 mgkg-1 , 1764.1-7415.0 mgkg-1 , 4300.8-5267.9 mgkg-1 and 32.2-48.8 mgkg-1 respectively with no significant difference in concentration among the ten accessions. Correlation analysis of the minerals within the accessions showed that the correlations between zinc-magnesium and zinc-phosphorus concentrations were significantly different as compared to the rest of the pairs for all accessions. When analysed, the maximum and minimum amounts of crude fat and carbohydrates were 29.9%-44.1% and 19.4%-39.0% respectively which were found to not have a significant difference. However, the protein analysis determined that there was a significant difference with PMBC2 (mean content 34.6%) being the most significant accession. Therefore, PMBC2 was found to be the most suitable accession for crop development and domestication. This study's main contribution with respect to the domestication of marama bean was the identification of the most superior accession based on nutritional composition.

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“…Wasting, or a substandard weight/height ratio, 1 indicates nutritional deficiencies that significantly increase the risk of child morbidity and mortality. These risks are well-documented in the literature (Ghosh-Jerath et al 2017;Tickell et al 2017), and are attributable to diverse factors, including weight loss from infectious disease; loss of muscle and fat tissue from inadequate diets (Lenters et al 2013); associated chronic infections (Bhutta et al 2017;Scrimshaw 2016); and other forms of developmental impairment (Menon et al 2012;Kara and Dolan, 2014). Wasting afflicts more than 50 million children worldwide (Harding, et al 2018, citing UNICEF 2017 and causes about 875,000 preventable deaths annually (13% of the total) for children less than five years of age (Black et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting for Regional Differences in Mother and Child Health: Bangladesh, West Bengal, Bihar, and Jharkhand

Dasgupta¹,

Wheeler²

2019

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Policy Research Working Paper 8798Using recent Demographic Health Survey data for Bangladesh and the neighboring Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal, this paper reexamines the determinants of child wasting and maternal anemia. The findings bear out the importance of commonly cited factors, such as mother's education and age, household wealth, and child birth order. However, the findings also highlight significant and large regional differences between Indian states and Bangladeshi provinces. For example, the results for Jharkhand state in India and Barisal province in Bangladesh indicate that controlling for those commonly cited determinants, the poorest, least-educated mothers and their children in Barisal have better health outcomes than the wealthiest, best-educated counterparts in Jharkhand. Mapping analysis of the spatial variations in child wasting and maternal anemia shows clear patterns of clustering over large areas that frequently overlap state/province and national boundaries. Possible sources of these striking differences include spatially differentiated prices and availability of critical nutrients; dietary preferences related to religion and ethnicity; nutrition education; and administration of public health and nutrition policy.

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Undernutrition and severe acute malnutrition in children

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Sanitation ladder and undernutrition among under-five children in Pakistan

Sanitation ladder and undernutrition among under-five children in Pakistan

Comparative Nutritional Analysis of <i>Tylosema esculentum</i> (Marama Bean) Germplasm Collection in Namibia

Accounting for Regional Differences in Mother and Child Health: Bangladesh, West Bengal, Bihar, and Jharkhand

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Undernutrition and severe acute malnutrition in children

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Sanitation ladder and undernutrition among under-five children in Pakistan

Sanitation ladder and undernutrition among under-five children in Pakistan

Comparative Nutritional Analysis of &lt;i&gt;Tylosema esculentum&lt;/i&gt; (Marama Bean) Germplasm Collection in Namibia

Accounting for Regional Differences in Mother and Child Health: Bangladesh, West Bengal, Bihar, and Jharkhand

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Comparative Nutritional Analysis of <i>Tylosema esculentum</i> (Marama Bean) Germplasm Collection in Namibia