Undernutrition Disrupts Cecal Microbiota and Epithelium Interactions, Epithelial Metabolism, and Immune Responses in a Pregnant Sheep Model

We explored the influence of maternal nutritional strategies on the development of the rumen and cecum in offspring. Additionally, we investigated the potential repercussions of prenatal nutrition on the rumen and fecal microbiota composition, utilizing metagenomic 16S techniques, to understand the effects of fetal programming (FP) in Nellore cattle. A total of 63 bulls submitted to different prenatal nutrition strategies, namely, non-programming (NP), partial programming (PP), and complete programming (CP), were evaluated. The rumen epithelium was methodically evaluated based on the presence of rumenitis and structural irregularities. The assessment of cecum lesions was conducted post-evisceration, whereby all thoroughly cleaned ceca were methodically evaluated. Samples from 15 animals of rumen fluid at slaughter and feces during the finishing phase were collected, respectively. All DNA extraction were carried out using the Macherey Nagel NucleoSpin Tissue®, and 16S sequencing was conducted using the V4 primers on the MiSeq platform. Within the ruminal ecosystem, an estimated range of 90 to 130 distinct amplicon sequence variants was discerned, as distributed across 45,000 to 70,000 sequencing reads. Our metagenomic exploration unveils microbial communities that distinctly mirror gastrointestinal tract microenvironments and dietary influences. In sum, this comprehensive study advances our comprehension of FP, highlighting the interplay of maternal nutrition, gastrointestinal development, and microbial communities, contributing significantly to the fields of animal science.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Programming Influence on Microbiome Diversity and Ruminal and Cecal Epithelium in Beef Cattle

Dias,

de Carvalho,

Polizel

et al. 2024

“…Among these, G-protein-coupled receptor activity plays a crucial role in maintaining cell proliferation and migration [43], especially in the intestine, where leucinerich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5+ (LGR5+) stem cells can promote intestinal epithelial renewal. The cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway can participate in the maintenance of barrier function [44,45]. Aon et al found that glycine-serine-threonine metabolism can also cooperate with other signaling pathways to enhance cell activity [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role and Mechanism of Retinol and Its Transformation Product, Retinoic Acid, in Modulating Oxidative Stress-Induced Damage to the Duck Intestinal Epithelial Barrier In Vitro

Zhang,

Tang,

et al. 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of retinol and retinoic acid on primary duck intestinal epithelial cells under oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Different ratios of retinol and retinoic acid were used for treatment. The study evaluated the cell morphology, viability, antioxidative capacity, and barrier function of cells. The expression of genes related to oxidative stress and the intestinal barrier was analyzed. The main findings demonstrated that the treated duck intestinal epithelial cells exhibited increased viability, increased antioxidative capacity, and improved intestinal barrier function compared to the control group. High retinoic acid treatment improved viability and gene expression, while high retinol increased antioxidative indicators and promoted intestinal barrier repair. Transcriptome analysis revealed the effects of treatments on cytokine interactions, retinol metabolism, PPAR signaling, and cell adhesion. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of retinol and retinoic acid in protecting and improving intestinal cell health under oxidative stress, providing valuable insights for future research.

“…The concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) was determined using a spectrophotometer (UV5, METTLER TOLEDO Technology Co., Shanghai, China) following the method described by Feng et al [ 23 ]. The Comas Brilliant Blue method was utilized to measure the microbial protein (MCP) content of the rumen fluid samples [ 24 ]. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) contents in the rumen fluid were measured using gas chromatography equipped with a capillary column of 30.00 m × 0.32 mm × 0.50 µm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) contents in the rumen fluid were measured using gas chromatography equipped with a capillary column of 30.00 m × 0.32 mm × 0.50 µm. The detector’s hydrogen pressure and air pressure were set to 0.40 MPa, while the capillary column pressure was set to 0.60–0.80 MPa [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diets Containing Different Levels of Copper, Manganese, and Iodine on Rumen Fermentation, Blood Parameters, and Growth Performance of Yaks

Lu,

Wu,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Self Cite

Copper, manganese, and iodine are part of a yak’s required trace elements. However, knowledge about their dietary requirements is scarce. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and growth performance and screen out the optimum levels of trace elements in yaks’ diet. Here, 18 three-year-old castrated yaks were randomly divided into four groups, which fed with diets containing basal (CON: 4.40, 33.82, and 0 mg/kg) and low-level (LL: 10.00, 40.00, and 0.30 mg/kg), middle-level (ML: 15.00, 50.00, and 0.50 mg/kg), and high-level (HL: 20.00, 60.00, and 0.70 mg/kg) copper, manganese, and iodine for 30 days. With the increase in trace elements, yaks’ daily weight gain (DWG), rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, microbial protein (MCP), and volatile fatty acids levels and serum triglycerides and urea nitrogen levels showed firstly increasing and then decreasing trends and reached the highest values in ML, and serum ceruloplasmin and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities showed continuously increasing trends. Yaks’ DWG, rumen MCP, butyrate, and valerate levels and serum triglycerides, urea nitrogen, ceruloplasmin, and T-SOD levels in ML were significantly higher than CON. Therefore, the recommended levels of copper, manganese, and iodine in growing yaks’ diet are 15.00, 50.00, and 0.50 mg/kg (ML), respectively.