Underpinning the soft nature of soak-n-eat rice - A physicochemical and molecular approach

Panja, Suraj; Kar, Rup Kumar; Dey, Pradip Chandra; Dey, Narottam

doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102122

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The lower amount of AC with a higher amount of AP in soft rice is in contrast to normal rice having high AC and low AP which recon rm their japonica and indica nature, respectively (Panja et al, 2022, Vyas, 2020, Inukai, 2017). Due to low GT, soft rice required short time to cook in both CTBT and CTRT in comparison to normal rice but only soft rice showed RTE trait because of its low AC and also for its special types of physicochemical properties of starch as reported in our earlier work (Panja et al, 2022). Additionally, soft and normal rice showed soft and medium gel length, respectively due to their different amount of AC which has strong role in determining these quality traits Wang, 2007, Juliano, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Considering this signi cance, a preliminary study was done on its physiochemical basis, marker based genotyping and expression pro ling for the targeted trait (Panja et al, 2022). In the current investigation, a multidisciplinary attempt was taken to explore a typical representative of a soft rice line (var.…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The different rice preparations practiced across the globe require variable amounts of heat for their cooking irrespective of variety and type of preparation which consumes large amount of household energy to make rice edible for consumption (Das et al, 2006, De et al, 2014. In this aspect, Indian soft rice or "Komal Chaul", an interesting rice line from Assam state, a biodiversity hotspot of North Eastern India is unique for its non-requirement of heat during cooking (Panja et al, 2022, Panja et al, 2023b. The parboiled low amylose containing glutinous rice of this indigenous line can be consumed after soaking in water for 60 minutes (Kalita andHazarika, 2022, Panja et al, 2023a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parboiled low amylose containing glutinous rice of this indigenous line can be consumed after soaking in water for 60 minutes (Kalita andHazarika, 2022, Panja et al, 2023a). Most of the growers cultivating these lines belong to Boro tribes of Assam, who consume soft rice in their daily breakfast, especially during their traditional crop harvesting festival called "Bihu" (Das, 2021, Panja et al, 2022. The usage of this line as a rice based ready to eat (RTE) food item is not recent and new, since a record from the ancient Mughal period described its use by Ahom military personnel (Hazarika, 2015, Hoque, 2016 and also used in 1960 by Indian soldiers as readymade food in Siachen, the highest battle-eld of the world (Samaddar and Samaddar, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both these two drawbacks suggest that genetic improvement of soft rice is a signi cant area of research for rice researchers to develop improved soft rice with low GR in high yielding background. Due to unique properties of soft rice, several workers experimented with these lines for AC content (Rathi and Sarma, 2012, Panja et al, 2022) and parboiled rice preparation (Dutta and Mahanta 2014, Panja et al, 2022), but no well-organized holistic approach was taken to explore its functional genomics through WGS and transcriptome analysis for its unique trait, and genetic improvement through molecular breeding.Considering this signi cance, a preliminary study was done on its physiochemical basis, marker based genotyping and expression pro ling for the targeted trait (Panja et al, 2022). In the current investigation, a multidisciplinary attempt was taken to explore a typical representative of a soft rice line (var.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genomics and molecular breeding of soft rice- a locally evolved japonica line with unique ready-to-eat trait

Panja,

Bhowmik,

Chattopadhyay

et al. 2024

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Low amylose containing parboiled soft rice is a natural wonder having ready-to-eat trait (RTE) with possible risk of high glycemic response (GR). In this present investigation typical Indian soft rice (var. Vogali Bora) was studied for biochemical basis, whole genomic and transcriptomic dissection followed by molecular breeding for improvement of yield and GR. Quantitative estimation showed that lower amylose (AC) to amylopectin ratio with low resistant starch (RS) in soft rice may be the possible biochemical basis of softness and high GR. Presence of a smaller number of SNPs in WAXY locus and significant down regulation of GBSSI loci supported the molecular basis of lower AC of soft rice like japonica sub varieties. But in comparison to normal rice higher number of SNPs in starch synthesis related genetic loci conferred that they are specially evolved for unique type of starch synthesis to acquire RTE trait which is further propped up by down regulation of a cascade of trait linked transcripts during grain filling. With respect to soft rice, inbreed lines showed improvement in yield related traits and better GR in mice model due to improved AC and RS content of F2:3 seeds. Though this group of rice is of japonica in origin, due to presence of unique type of sequence diversity and starch synthesis machinery, they possess RTE trait which is unique in rice and rice relatives. It made this study significant and in future, generation advancement of developed inbreed lines may produce healthy soft rice on a large scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomics and molecular breeding of soft rice- a locally evolved japonica line with unique ready-to-eat trait

Panja,

Bhowmik,

Chattopadhyay

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Morpho-molecular characterization of ethnic Bora rice for conservation and breeding

Panja

Biswas

Kar

et al. 2023

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Glutinous Bora rice plays an important role in socio-economic and cultural livelihood of Boro tribes of Assam. However, neither systematic survey had been done, nor databanks are available on their detailed morpho-molecular characterization essential for breeding programme. Present study attempts to prepare a morphological database with molecular signature using a total of 22 Bora rice lines collected from upper Brahmaputra basin of Assam, which were phenotyped with 27 popular agro-morphological traits followed by marker based genotyping, sequence diversity study and expression pro ling for selected genetic loci associated with low amylose content. Long day owering and less number of tillers and panicles are the main discouraging traits of Bora rice that showed negative association with tiller length.Among the 8 different phenotypic markers established, anthocyanin pigment in different parts of the plant and availability of awn may be used as identifying criteria for selection of the hybrid lines introgress with "komal" trait. In marker based genotyping, all the studied marker loci were reported to be polymorphic with variable number of allelic forms and RM241 showed highest PIC value. In case of expression study, 5 days (after anthesis) old developing grains of selected Komal genotype (Aghani Bora) showed 90.9-fold down regulation of GBSSI (loci associated with amylose deposition in rice grain) with respect to the commonly grown popular rice (IR36). Phylogenetic relationship study with 5 different genomes (O ru pogon, O glaberima, O sativa japonica group, O sativa Indica group and IR36) based on sequence diversity of six major genetic loci (associated with starch deposition in endosperm) showed distinct relationship. Selected morpho-molecular markers (polymorphic between Bora and normal rice) were subjected to validation on hybrid population developed from selected Bora rice (Vogali Bora) and normal rice (IR36), which showed a promising response for use in marker assisted breeding program.

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Soft plant root structure-media flow interactions: Exploring the adverse effect of lead contamination in North-Eastern Indian rice

Panja,

Mehta,

Kalita

et al. 2024

Physics of Fluids

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We experimentally investigate the effect of lead (Pb2+) contamination on the roots of an Assamese rice line variety Lachit using a heavy metal analyzing fluidic tool. To demonstrate the adverse effects of lead contamination on rice seedlings in a controlled environment, we have performed a number of multidisciplinary experiments. Also, we develop a numerical model in this endeavor to predict the Michaelis–Menten kinetics parameters, which are used to depict the lead transport phenomenon following soft root structure-media flow interactions. We show that increased inlet lead concentration of the media solution leads to a reduction in root growth exponentially in the developed fluidic device. As supported by the Raman spectra analysis, the drastic metabolic changes are visible under lead contamination. Our results revel that, in comparison to the control condition, lead accumulation results in a decrease in the uptake of nitrogen and also, the metallic nutritional components (K+, Na+, and Ca2+). Under lead contamination, the average osmotic pressure difference at the root surface is seen to be less than in the control situation. The inferences drawn from the current research shed light on the detrimental effects of lead contamination on rice roots, which have the potential to significantly lower agricultural yields and threaten food security in areas where rice is the primary food source.

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Underpinning the soft nature of soak-n-eat rice - A physicochemical and molecular approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Genomics and molecular breeding of soft rice- a locally evolved japonica line with unique ready-to-eat trait

Genomics and molecular breeding of soft rice- a locally evolved japonica line with unique ready-to-eat trait

Morpho-molecular characterization of ethnic Bora rice for conservation and breeding

Soft plant root structure-media flow interactions: Exploring the adverse effect of lead contamination in North-Eastern Indian rice

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