Underrecognized Arthropod-Borne and Zoonotic Pathogens in Northern and Northwestern Thailand: Serological Evidence and Opportunities for Awareness

Blacksell, Stuart D.; Kantipong, Pacharee; Watthanaworawit, Wanitda; Turner, Claudia; Tanganuchitcharnchai, Ampai; Jintawon, Sutathip; Laongnuanutit, Achara; Nosten, François; Day, Nicholas P. J.; Paris, Daniel; Richards, Allen L.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2015.1776

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, acute bacterial zoonoses such as rickettsioses, leptospirosis, Q-fever and brucellosis might represent underappreciated causes. This was recently unveiled in studies from south-east Asia and from northern Tanzania, where zoonotic diseases were involved in 26% of admitted adults and children with nonmalarial febrile illnesses [25][26][27]. This study also documented bloodstream infections in 10% of patients, but the actual causes of febrile illnesses remained unknown in one third of adults and two thirds of children, despite careful microbiological evaluation [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Diagnoses made in an Emergency Department in rural sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND: Information on diagnoses made in emergency departments situated in rural sub-Saharan Africa is scarce. The aim was: to evaluate the frequency of different diagnoses made in a new emergency department to define relevant healthcare requirements; and to find out if in-hospital mortality rates would decrease after the implementation of the emergency department.METHODS: In this observational study, we prospectively collated diagnoses of all patients presenting to the emergency department of the St Francis Referral Hospital in Ifakara, Tanzania during 1 year. In addition, we compared in-hospital mortality rates before and after the implementation of the emergency department.RESULTS: From July 2016 through to June 2017, a total of 35,903 patients were included. The median age was 33.6 years (range 1 day to 100 years), 57% were female, 25% were children <5 years, 4% were pregnant and 9% were hospitalised. The most common diagnoses were respiratory tract infection (12.6%), urinary tract infection (11.4%), trauma (9.8%), undifferentiated febrile illness (5.4%), and malaria (5.2%). The most common clinical diagnoses per age group were: lower respiratory tract infection (16.1%) in children <5 years old; trauma (21.6%) in 5-to 17-year-olds; urinary tract infection (13.5%) in 18-to 50-year-olds; and hypertensive emergency (12.4%) in >50-year-olds. Respiratory tract infections peaked in April during the rainy season, whereas malaria peaked 3 months after the rainy season. In-hospital mortality rates did not decrease during the study period (5.6% in 2015 vs 7.6% in 2017).CONCLUSIONS: The majority of diagnosed disorders were of infectious or traumatic origin. The majority of febrile illnesses were poorly defined because of the lack of diagnostic methods. Trauma systems and inexpensive accurate diagnostic methods for febrile illnesses are needed in rural sub-Saharan Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Diagnoses made in an Emergency Department in rural sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2019

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“…Q fever outbreaks in livestock have been reported in Malaysia as recently as 2009 (Bina Rai et al 2011, Norina et al 2011). In humans, Q fever and the seroprevalence of C. burnetii have been reported in rural areas in Malaysia and Thailand (Tay et al 1998, Suputtamongkol et al 2003, Bina Rai et al 2011, Blacksell et al 2015). Unpublished serological studies performed on the Orang Asli in our laboratory have also indicated past C. burnetii exposure in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella Detection in Ticks from Wildlife and Livestock in Malaysia

Khoo

Lim

Chen

et al. 2016

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Recent studies have shown that ticks harbor Coxiella-like bacteria, which are potentially tick-specific endosymbionts. We recently described the detection of Coxiella-like bacteria and possibly Coxiella burnetii in ticks found from rural areas in Malaysia. In the present study, we collected ticks, including Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis hystricis, Dermacentor compactus, Dermacentor steini, and Amblyomma sp. from wildlife and domesticated goats from four different locations in Malaysia. Coxiella 16s rRNA genomic sequences were detected by PCR in 89% of ticks tested. Similarity analysis and phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA and rpoB partial sequences were performed for 10 representative samples selected based on the tick species, sex, and location. The findings here suggested the presence of C. burnetii in two samples, each from D. steini and H. hystricis. The sequences of both samples clustered with published C. burnetii sequences. The remaining eight tick samples were shown to harbor 16s rRNA sequences of Coxiella-like bacteria, which clustered phylogenetically according to the respective tick host species. The findings presented here added to the growing evidence of the association between Coxiella-like bacteria and ticks across species and geographical boundaries. The importance of C. burnetii found in ticks in Malaysia warrants further investigation.

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“…All Q fever antibody–positive animals were cattle (χ2 14.08, P = 0.003). Interestingly, Xayaboury Province had a clustering of seropositive cattle in seven villages in four districts (Botan, Kenthao, Paklaiy, and Phiang) (Table 3) that share a border with Thailand (Figure 1), where Q fever is endemic 14–18. This may be an epidemiologic significant observation with two of the seropositive villages (Nasarn 33.2%; 2/6 positive and Jomphet 50%; 2/4 positive) having two positive animals in the village (Table 3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Q Fever, Brucellosis, and Bluetongue in Selected Provinces in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Douangngeun

Theppangna

Soukvilay

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. This study has determined the proportional seropositivity of two zoonotic diseases, Q fever and brucellosis, and bluetongue virus (BTV) which is nonzoonotic, in five provinces of Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) (Loungphabang, Luangnumtha, Xayaboury, Xiengkhouang, and Champasak, and Vientiane Province and Vientiane capital). A total of 1,089 samples from buffalo, cattle, pigs, and goats were tested, with seropositivity of BTV (96.7%), Q fever (1.2%), and brucellosis (0.3%). The results of this survey indicated that Q fever seropositivity is not widely distributed in Lao PDR; however, Xayaboury Province had a cluster of seropositive cattle in seven villages in four districts (Botan, Kenthao, Paklaiy, and Phiang) that share a border with Thailand. Further studies are required to determine if Xayaboury Province is indeed an epidemiological hot spot of Q fever activity. There is an urgent need to determine the levels of economic loss and human health-related issues caused by Q fever, brucellosis, and BTV in Lao PDR. Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is a largely agricultural society with a reliance on livestock farming to sustain livelihoods.

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Underrecognized Arthropod-Borne and Zoonotic Pathogens in Northern and Northwestern Thailand: Serological Evidence and Opportunities for Awareness

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Diagnoses made in an Emergency Department in rural sub-Saharan Africa

Diagnoses made in an Emergency Department in rural sub-Saharan Africa

Coxiella Detection in Ticks from Wildlife and Livestock in Malaysia

Seroprevalence of Q Fever, Brucellosis, and Bluetongue in Selected Provinces in Lao People's Democratic Republic

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