Underreporting of Concussions and Concussion-Like Symptoms in Female High School Athletes

McDonald, Tracy; Burghart, Mark; Nazir, Niaman

doi:10.1097/jtn.0000000000000227

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Similar studies have provided other definitions for concussion and found varying self-reported incidence rates of concussion. McDonald, Burghart, and Nazir (2016) assessed the concussion reporting behaviors among female high school athletes and found the reported incidence rate to be much higher than our findings, with approximately 40% of athletes reporting a suspected concussion. A cross-sectional survey by Register-Mihalik et al (2013), using a convenience sample of high school athletes from nine different states, found that more than half (53%) of athletes recalled sustaining at least one possible concussion.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Rivara et al (2014) found that 69% of concussed athletes reported playing with symptoms and 40% said that their coach wasn’t aware of their injury. Similarly, McDonald et al (2016) found that nearly a third of athletes did not report their concussion symptoms to athletic training staff after their injury. This points to the complexity of concussion as a public health issue and the discrepancies between behavioral intentions and actual behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concussion attitudes, behaviors, and education among youth ages 12–17: Results from the 2014 YouthStyles survey

Donnell

Hoffman

Sarmiento

et al. 2018

Journal of Safety Research

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Introduction: This study assessed young athletes’ (ages 12 to 17) concussion attitudes and behaviors, particularly their self-reported experience learning about concussion and intentions to report a concussion and disparities in these experiences. Methods: We used data from Porter Novelli’s 2014 YouthStyles survey that is conducted each year to gather insights about American consumers. Results: Of the 1,005 respondents, 57% reported sports participation. Fourteen percent reported they may have had a previous concussion, and among them 41% reported having a concussion more than once while playing sports. Males (17.7%) were significantly more likely to report having a concussion than females (10.0%; χ2 (1) = 7.01, p = 0.008). Fifty-five percent of respondents reported having learned about what to do if they think they may have a concussion, and 92% reported that they would tell their coach if they thought they sustained a concussion while playing youth or high school sports. Youth from higher income families ($75,000–$124,999) were significantly more likely than youth from lower income families (less than $35,000) to report that they learned about what do if they suspected that they had a concussion. Conclusion: Age of athlete, parental income level, athlete’s sex, and living in a metro versus non-metro area led to disparities in athletes’ concussion education. There is a need for increased access to concussion education and an emphasis on customizing concussion education efforts to meet the needs of different groups. Practical application: We identified athletes’ self-reported previously sustained concussions and predictors of education related to concussion. Further research is needed to explore the age, gender and income gaps in concussion education among athletes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concussion attitudes, behaviors, and education among youth ages 12–17: Results from the 2014 YouthStyles survey

Donnell

Hoffman

Sarmiento

et al. 2018

Journal of Safety Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…. Muthuswamy, 2013;Covassin & Elbin, 2011;McDonald, Burghart, & Nazir, 2016). Participants in the focus groups were not matched by sport.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and Opportunities for Concussion Communication and Management in Youth Sports: A qualitative study

Sarmiento¹,

Donnell²,

Bell³

et al. 2019

JADE

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To identify opportunities to improve coach-athlete communication, this study examined young athletes' perceptions and concerns about concussion, as well as their information needs. A qualitative data collection approach, based on the grounded theory methodology, was utilized. Six virtual focus groups were conducted with 17 male and female athletes’ ages 12 to 18 years. Results indicated that athletes were concerned about the potential long-term effects of a concussion. Athletes described multiple barriers that interfere with concussion reporting, including: being unfamiliar with concussion signs and symptoms, perceived pressure from teammates, concerns of interference that concussion reporting can have on gameplay, and a lack of focus on concussion during play. To help address these, participants expressed an interest in hearing frequently and directly, such as during a pre-game or practice huddle, from coaches about concussion and how to prevent this injury. The results demonstrate that concussion education programs can consider promoting messages for coaches to deliver to athletes about concussion prevention strategies and the benefits of concussion reporting on an athlete’s long-term health.

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“…4 As in other sports, the total number of concussions and other head injuries in football appears to be underreported. [6][7][8] Head injuries include all injuries caused by a direct or indirect blow against/transmitted to the head and can result in substantially different central and peripheral outcomes, ranging from no detectable functional effects to transient functional impairments, from absent to major structural lesions, and from clinically absent to life-threatening deficits. [9][10][11][12] A differentiation between injuries of the brain, the skull, the face, the cervical spine, or the inner ear (vestibular and cochlear labyrinth) is often not possible on-pitch or off-field, 13 especially since combined injuries of different central and peripheral systems (eg, brain, cervical, vestibular, cochlear, and ophthalmological) are frequent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for initial examination, differential diagnosis, and management of concussion and other head injuries in high‐level football

Feddermann-Demont

Chiampas

Cowie

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Head injuries can result in substantially different outcomes, ranging from no detectable effect to transient functional impairments to life‐threatening structural lesions. In high‐level international football (soccer) tournaments, on average, one head injury occurs in every third match. Making the diagnosis and determining the severity of a head injury immediately on‐pitch or off‐field is a major challenge for team physicians, especially because clinical signs of a brain injury can develop over several minutes, hours, or even days after the injury. A standardized approach is useful to support team physicians in their decision whether the player should be allowed to continue to play or should be removed from play after head injury. A systematic, football‐specific procedure for examination and management during the first 72 hours after head injuries and a graduated Return‐to‐Football program for high‐level players have been developed by an international group of experts based on current national and international guidelines for the management of acute head injuries. The procedure includes seven stages from the initial on‐pitch examination to the graduated Return‐to‐Football program. Details of the assessments and the consequences of different outcomes are described for each stage. Criteria for emergency management (red flags), removal from play (orange flags), and referral to specialists for further diagnosis and treatment (persistent orange flags) are provided. The guidelines for return to sport after concussion‐type head injury are specified for football. Thus, the present paper presents a comprehensive procedure for team physicians after a head injury in high‐level football.

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Underreporting of Concussions and Concussion-Like Symptoms in Female High School Athletes

Cited by 55 publications

References 22 publications

Concussion attitudes, behaviors, and education among youth ages 12–17: Results from the 2014 YouthStyles survey

Concussion attitudes, behaviors, and education among youth ages 12–17: Results from the 2014 YouthStyles survey

Barriers and Opportunities for Concussion Communication and Management in Youth Sports: A qualitative study

Recommendations for initial examination, differential diagnosis, and management of concussion and other head injuries in high‐level football

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