Underreporting of Road Crashes in Pakistan and the Role of Fate

Kayani, Ahsan; Fleiter, Judy; King, Mark

doi:10.1080/15389588.2013.793797

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“… 7 Road traffic accidents may be attributed to nonexistence of safety rules, horrific road infrastructure, avoidance of helmets and seat-belts use, lack of implementation of traffic laws and legislations, careless, rash and negligent driving, and availability of limited trauma care facilities inPakistan. 8 , 9 Emergency medical services comprising of ambulances and trained paramedics were available only in 5% of the urban areas. 9 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 , 9 Emergency medical services comprising of ambulances and trained paramedics were available only in 5% of the urban areas. 9 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Despite this documentation, injuries are still not well recognizedas a major public health problem in ourcountry. 9 The acquired data is mandatory to evaluatesocioeconomic consequences of the injuries and the development ofpreventive strategies in future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analysis of 3105 Medico Legal Cases at Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi

Malik¹,

Atif²,

Rashid³

et al. 2017

Pak J Med Sci

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Background and Objectives:Medico legal cases are essential component of medical practice and comprise most important constituent of emergencies. The reporting of such cases is imperative to recognize theirsocioeconomic burden on any country. The present study was conducted to scrutinize different categories of medico legal cases and characteristics of the victims at casualty department oftertiary care hospital Rawalpindi. The objective of the study was to find out the frequency ofvarious categories of medico legal cases and major characteristics ofvictims at tertiary care hospital, Rawalpindi.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study on 3105 registered cases in medico legal record of the casualty department of Benazir Bhutto hospital, Rawalpindi from January 2015 to December 2015. The hospital is located on the main road in densely populated central area of the city. The data wascollected on age, sex, month-wise distribution of various medico legal cases, weapon inflicting the injury, blunt trauma or physical assault, firearm injuries and road traffic accidents. The data thus obtained was analyzed using SPSS; observations were presented in tables and graphs.Results:Out of all 3105 registered medico legal cases, reported cases caused by Road Traffic Accident 1230 (40%) followed by blunt injury or physical assault 966 (32%) cases, 19% by sharp weapons, 5% by poisoning, and 4% by firearm injuries. In our study out of 3105 cases, almost three quarter of victims (73%) were below 30 years of age, with a decreasing frequency beyond this age, males were predominantly inflicted 2516(81%) as compared to females 589 (19%). The reported road traffic accidents cases from urban areas were high (74%) as compared to those from rural locality (37%). In cases of blunt trauma, sharp weapon injuries and firearm injuries, there was a huge preponderance of victims from rural areas (65%), (62%) and 61% respectively, with urban cases constituting less.Conclusion:Road traffic injuries are one of the foremost causes of medico legal cases followed by blunt trauma and sharp weapon injuries. The emerging medico legal cases are neglected epidemic in most of the developing countries comprising a considerable public health problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 , 9 Emergency medical services comprising of ambulances and trained paramedics were available only in 5% of the urban areas. 9 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analysis of 3105 Medico Legal Cases at Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi

Malik¹,

Atif²,

Rashid³

et al. 2017

Pak J Med Sci

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“…In Vietnam, police data accounted for only 22% and hospital data for 60% of the combined estimates of non‐fatal RTI for 2000–2004 . Underestimation originates from structural, methodological and practical limitations, such as lack of national surveillance and reporting systems, and use of different definitions , but might also derive from fatalistic beliefs explaining road crashes beyond personal control that demand reconciliation without involving the police . The influence of beliefs on RTI prevention has not been well studied in most developing countries including Laos, but might be essential for effective road safety campaigns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road traffic injuries in northern Laos: trends and risk factors of an underreported public health problem

Slesak

Inthalath²,

Wilder‐Smith

et al. 2015

Tropical Med Int Health

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Abstractobjectives Road traffic injuries (RTI) have become a leading cause for admissions at Luang Namtha Provincial Hospital (LNPH) in rapidly developing northern Laos. Objectives were to investigate trends, risk factors and better estimates of RTI.methods Repeated annual surveys were conducted with structured questionnaires among all RTI patients at LNPH from 2007 to 2011. Hospital and police data were combined by capture-recapture method.results The majority of 1074 patients were young [median 22 years (1-88)], male (68%), motorcyclists (76%), drove without licence (85%) and without insurance (95%). Most accidents occurred during evenings and Lao New Year. Serious motorbike injuries were associated with young age (1-15 years), male sex (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.6) and drivers (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-4.3); more serious head injuries with alcohol consumption (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7-3.7), male sex (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4-3.7) and no helmet use (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.4). No helmet use was associated with young age, time period, pillion passengers (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-4.7), alcohol (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.8) and no driver license (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1-3.4). Main reasons not to wear helmets were not possessing one, and being pillion passenger. Capture-recapture analysis showed four times higher RTI estimates than officially reported. Mortality rate was 11.6/100.000 population (95% CI 5.1-18.1/ 100.000).conclusions RTI were substantially underestimated. Combining hospital with police data can provide better estimates in resource-limited settings. Preventive programmes and law enforcement have to target male drivers, alcohol, licensing and helmet use, especially among children and pillion passengers. Increased efforts are needed during evening time and special festivals.

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“…Reporting of the laws in more than 50% MLCs is a matter of seriousness especially with reference to fighting cases. However, higher rate of law reporting against RTAs shows some flaws 15,16 in vehicular driving. Still, there are certain cases which are resolved on the spot due to fatelism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicolegal Certificate;

Hassan¹,

Suleri²,

Karim³

et al. 2019

TPMJ

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Objectives: To know the association between reporting of Qisas and Diyat Laws and elements in medicolegal certificates (MLCs)against injuries in children. Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional. Setting: Two DHQ and 2 THQ level hospitals in Sialkot, Pakistan. Period: January-March 2015. Method: The MLCs (issued from 1st January through 31st December 2014) were segregated on the basis of history of the cases. All the certificates of each history were reviewed for the criminal law reporting. The inclusion criteria (i.e. at least one MLC with law reporting) meeting histories were included in the study. The MLCs on history of fight were kept in group A while that of other histories in B. The data was subjected to SPSS for analysis of the variables. Results: Incidence rate of law reporting was found as 50.4% in the pooled data. Only 160 (71.1%) or 54 (43.2%) cases of group A or B were certified according to the Qisas and Diyat Laws, respectively. On the average, higher reporting rate was observed in group A and Bfrom July through November, 2014 (45.3 and 44.5%, respectively). The law certification had insignificant association with none of the elements in MLC except age in group A with more likelihood for a 10-18 years old child (RR = 1.69; 1.060-2.693; p = .04). Subsections 337-F1 (Ghayr Jaifah Damiyah) and 337-L2were frequently reported in almost all the histories of cases. Conclusion: Most of the MLCs on fight were certified according to the Qisas and Diyat Laws. Moreover, measures by authorities are needed to limit the incidences ofinjuries in children.

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Underreporting of Road Crashes in Pakistan and the Role of Fate

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

An analysis of 3105 Medico Legal Cases at Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi

An analysis of 3105 Medico Legal Cases at Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi

Road traffic injuries in northern Laos: trends and risk factors of an underreported public health problem

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