Undersea Non-Repeatered Technologies, Challenges, and Products

Abstract

Non-repeatered undersea lightwave transmission links, whose signals don't require periodic amplification or regeneration, have historically = As part of larger, undersea networks that use repeaters, and = In domestic non-repeatered systems installed either between islands or With the world's transoceanic cable network rapidly expanding into a global undersea network-and transoceanic systems connected to regional systems, which are then connected to domestic systems-the market is moving towards an increased percentage of shor t-haul, nonrepeatered systems. This paper discusses: -The technologies and products AT&T Submarine Systems, Inc. (AT&T-= Future trends in non-repeatered technology and system design, and -Actual and planned system deployment of undersea optical cable Michael M. Sanders been looping a shoreline.SSI) is developing for this market, throughout the world.Advances in optical ampliiier technol-increased reliability, compatibility with terrestrial systems, upgradability, lower cost, and simpler maintenance. As a result, these systems are now competitive with other transmission systems, including domestic land-based networks, regional radio networks, satellite links, and undersea repeatered links. The developing technologies to support this rapidly evolving and competitive non-repeatered market provide new insights into optical transmission theory, and offer developers significant challenges to increase product performance, decrease cost, and improve delivery schedules. Non-repeatered Design and ArchitectureNon-repeatered systems have a few unique requirements, above and beyond the standard undersea system requirements for high performance, reliable transmission, and

Future Directions for Undersea Communications

“…The EDFA also supports signiiicantly longer repeaterless system lengths, by using higher launched signal power into the transmission fiber and improved-sensitivity preamplified receivers, which can operate with lower received signal powers. 3 These significant advances represent only the beginning of the opportunities EDFAs offer for undersea systems. This paper describes how some of the new technologies might be used in undersea systems.…”