Undersowing Carrots with Clover: Suppression of Carrot Rust Fly (<i>Psila rosae</i>) and Cavity Spot (<i>Pythium</i>spp.) Infestation

Theunissen, J.; Schelling, G.

doi:10.1080/01448765.2000.9754865

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There is some indirect evidence for this possibility coming from the biocontrol literature. When leek or carrots are undersown with white clover, they suffer from less thrips, rust fly and cavity spot infestation (Theunissen & Schelling 1998, 2000). If such interactions existed in nature, the benefit for the facilitator would be exposure to reduced insect or pathogen attack when facilitating.…”

Section: Evolution Of Facilitation From a Multitrophic Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

A multitrophic perspective on functioning and evolution of facilitation in plant communities

Putten

2009

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. Plant facilitation has been studied mostly in the context of plant-plant interactions, whereas multitrophic interactions including those that occur below ground have not yet received much attention. Here, I will discuss how above-ground and below-ground natural enemies and their predators influence plant facilitation and its evolution. 2. Specific above-ground and below-ground plant enemies and their predators play a major role in structuring the composition and dynamics of plant communities. In successional sequences, aboveground and below-ground multitrophic level interactions may tip the balance from competitive to facilitative states and vice versa. 3. Little is known about how above-ground and below-ground multitrophic interactions develop along resource or stress gradients and how the outcomes of above-ground-below-ground interactions depend on variations in these environmental conditions. 4. Facilitated plants need to fit into the above-ground-below-ground multitrophic communities of their facilitators. 5. Little is known also about the evolution of plant facilitation. The observed distance in phylogeny between facilitators and facilitated plants suggests that host-specific enemies may very well co-determine which species become facilitated by which facilitators. 6. Further, very little attention has been given to how plant strategies (allelopathy, accumulation of enemies, monopolization of symbionts) may be the result of selection against being facilitative. 7. Synthesis. Plant facilitation cannot be understood without considering a plant's natural enemies and also its enemies' enemies. Plant enemies can turn competitive interactions into facilitative interactions, whereas the enemies' enemies can turn facilitation back into competition. Below-ground interactions will have longer-lasting effects on facilitation than those above ground, because many organisms can persist in the soil, even when the host plants have disappeared.

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Section: Evolution Of Facilitation From a Multitrophic Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

A multitrophic perspective on functioning and evolution of facilitation in plant communities

Putten

2009

Journal of Ecology

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“…We found significant patterns of larvae distributions in both runs. The strong associations of carabid larvae with the under‐sown barley is likely to be due to the benefits of the microbiome of a dual vegetative structure, and its associated resources (Theunissen, 1994; Theunissen & Schelling, 2000; Hance, 2002; Ratnadass et al ., 2006). This is contrary to our expectation that larvae and adults would be most abundant in the same crop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Above‐ and below‐ground assessment of carabid community responses to crop type and tillage

Jowett

Milne

Garrett

et al. 2020

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Carabid beetles are major predators in agro-ecosystems. The composition of their communities within crop environments governs the pest control services they provide. An understudied aspect is the distribution of predacious carabid larvae in the soil. 2 We used novel subterranean trapping with standard pitfall trapping, within a multi-crop rotation experiment, to assess the responses of above-and below-ground carabid communities to management practices. 3 Crop and trap type significantly affected pooled carabid abundance with an interaction of the two, the highest numbers of carabids were caught in subterranean traps in barley under sown with grass. 4 Trap type accounted for the most variance observed in carabid community composition, followed by crop. 5 Tillage responses were only apparent at the species level for three of the eight species modelled. 6 Responses to crop type varied by species. Most species had higher abundance in under-sown barley, than grass, wheat and barley. Crop differences were greater in the subterranean trap data. For predaceous larvae, standard pitfalls showed lowest abundances in under-sown barley, yet subterranean traps revealed abundances to be highest in this crop. 7 Comprehensive estimation of ecosystem services should incorporate both above-and below-ground community appraisal, to inform appropriate management.

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“…In another study, intercropping carrot with subterranean clover significantly reduced root damage to carrots from P. rosae and Pythium spp. which increased the marketable yield of carrot up to 120% (Theunissen & Schelling 2000).…”

Section: Global Habitat Management Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for habitat management to suppress vegetable pests in Australia

et al. 2022

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Habitat management is an ecologically based approach to suppress pest densities, utilising properties of non-crop vegetation to improve the impact of natural enemies or to directly affect pest behaviour. Research in this approach has escalated dramatically this century, extending to uptake in some crops, but adoption in Australia has been lower than overseas. Here, we address the need of the Australian vegetable sector to reduce reliance on insecticides by assessing the scope for habitat management in brassica (Brassicaceae), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) (Asteraceae), capsicum (Capsicum annuum) (Solanaceae), carrot (Daucus carota) (Apiaceae), French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (Fabaceae) and sweetcorn (Zea mays) (Poaceae) crops. Each crop is of major economic importance, and together, they represent contrasting botanical families and production systems that are associated with different arthropod complexes. We review studies of habitat management that are based on provision of shelter, nectar, alternative prey or pollen for natural enemies (top-down effects) or changing pest behaviour (bottom-up effects) through intercropping or trap crops. The likely utility of these approaches under Australian conditions is assessed, and recommendations are made to promote adoption and for adaptive research. Nectar-and pollen-providing plants, such as alyssum (Lobularia maritima) (Brassicaceae), offer strong potential to promote natural enemies in multiple crops whilst trap crops, especially yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris) (Brassicaceae), have more targeted utility against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), the most serious pest of brassicas. Opportunities for intercrops and banker plant species are also identified. Our recommendations serve as a platform for researchers and for farmer-led studies to help realise the full potential of habitat management approaches in Australian vegetable production systems.

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Undersowing Carrots with Clover: Suppression of Carrot Rust Fly (Psila rosae) and Cavity Spot (Pythiumspp.) Infestation

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

A multitrophic perspective on functioning and evolution of facilitation in plant communities

A multitrophic perspective on functioning and evolution of facilitation in plant communities

Above‐ and below‐ground assessment of carabid community responses to crop type and tillage

Prospects for habitat management to suppress vegetable pests in Australia

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