Adsorption of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on mineral
surfaces plays an important role in many engineering fields, such
as oil recovery and oil sand production. In this work, the adsorption
behaviors of a PAH compound, violanthrone-79 (VO-79), on quartz surface
were investigated at different temperatures by molecular dynamics
(MD) simulation and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our simulations
demonstrated that with increasing temperature, the rate of adsorption
increased, whereas the total amount of stably adsorbed VO-79 molecules
hardly changed. On the other hand, the adsorption mode had a strong
dependence on the temperature. At 323 K, approximately half of the
adsorbed VO-79 formed a monolayer with their polyaromatic cores directly
contacting and parallel to the quartz surface. The other half were
in an aggregated form and adsorbed indirectly, via interaction with
directly adsorbed molecules. The polyaromatic cores of VO-79 in the
aggregates tend to be oriented slant to the surface. A transition
from indirect to direct adsorption was observed as temperature increased,
and nearly 90% of VO-79 molecules were adsorbed in direct form at
523 K. AFM imaging confirmed the observations in the MD simulations,
showing that smaller and more uniformly distributed VO-79 aggregates
adsorbed on the surface with increasing temperature. This work provides
valuable insights, at the molecular level, into the effect of temperature
on the adsorption of PAHs on mineral surfaces.