Understanding and Eliminating Hysteresis for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10. 1002/aenm.201700414. used mesoporous TiO 2 ESLs, but the complex synthesis procedure and requirement of sintering at temperatures above 450 °C make the process undesirable for large-scale roll-to-roll manufacturing. [3] Therefore, significant efforts have been made on developing efficient low-temperature planar PVSCs. [23][24][25][26][27] For PVSCs with a regular configuration, the more popular low-temperature processed ESL materials are transition metal oxides such as TiO 2 , [26,28] ZnO, [29,30] SnO 2 , [31,32] and Zn 2 SnO 4 . [23,24] Due to its relatively simple synthesis process, chemical stability, [33][34][35] and high electron mobility, [33,36,37] SnO 2 ESL has shown great promise in making efficient planar PVSCs. For example, Ke et al. first fabricated PVSCs with PCE over 16% using a low-temperature solution processed SnO 2 ESL. [31] Since then, many other groups have also reported efficient PVSCs using low-temperature processed ESLs. [23,33,37] Recently, Gratzel and co-workers reported planar PVSCs with efficiencies approaching 21% using SnO 2 ESLs synthesized by low-temperature chemical bath deposition. [32] Low-temperature SnO 2 ESLs have been deposited by various methods including spin-coating, [31] dual-fuel combustion, [38] chemical-bath deposition, [32] and atomic-layer deposition (ALD). [34,39] ALD produces the most compact thin films compared to the other methods mentioned. However, PVSCs using ALD SnO 2 ESLs often show current-density-voltage (J-V) Adv. Energy

Additive Engineering to Grow Micron‐Sized Grains for Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The typical J-V curves of these PSCs are displayed in Figure 4a and the PCE distribution for a batch of 30 perovskite solar cells is shown in Figure 4c-f presenting the superior reproducibility of the PSC devices. 2019, 6,1901241 perovskite films, which is proved from the results of SEM and XRD measurements. This is mainly attributed to the high-quality perovskite films upon 2% DIFA addition with reduced grain boundaries, higher conductivity, lower trap densities, and relatively smaller series resistance compared with the control device.…”

“…

film PSCs including low-cost solution process and facile fabrication process extremely impel PSCs candidates for photovoltaic applications.

Currently, the two critical issues that prevent the large-scale commercialization of PSCs are the current-voltage (I-V) hysteresis and the inherent instability of the perovskite film. [5,6] All of these factors are strongly associated with the quality of the perovskite films. [5,6] All of these factors are strongly associated with the quality of the perovskite films.

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A New Hole Transport Material for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells With Reduced Device Cost

“…Our PVSCs with both TET and spiro‐OMeTAD HSLs show a small degree of J–V hysteresis behavior, as shown in Figure S17a, Supporting Information. The origin of J–V hysteresis might be ascribed to the perovksite layer itself such as trap states, ion migration, or ESL/perovskite interface, although C 60 ‐SAM has been applied here in order to reduce the hysteresis. Therefore, we have additionally performed a steady‐state efficiency measurement to evaluate the actual operating performance of the champion PVSC using TET HSL.…”

Anti-Solvent Crystallization Strategies for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Wang et al were able to deposit high quality MA 0.7 FA 0.3 PbI 3 (where FA stands for formamidinium cation) films on C 60 SAM/SnO 2 substrates via DE dripping (SAM being a self-assembled monolayer); 2% Pb(SCN) 2 was added in order to enhance the crystal grain size. With these, a stabilized PCE of 20.3% was recorded [27]. Likewise, a stabilized PCE of 19% was obtained by depositing the MAPbI 3 perovskite via the adduct method onto low temperature UV-treated Nb-doped compact TiO 2 substrate [28].…”