Understanding and Preventing Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

Griffin, Letha Y.; Albohm, Marjorie J.; Arendt, Elizabeth A.; Bahr, Roald; Beynnon, Bruce D.; DeMaio, Marlene; Dick, Randall W.; Engebretsen, Lars; Garrett, William E.; Hannafin, Jo A.; Hewett, T. E.; Huston, Laura J.; Ireland, Mary Lloyd; Johnson, Robert J.; Lephart, Scott M.; Mandelbaum, Bert R.; Mann, Barton J.; Marks, Paul; Marshall, Stephen W.; Myklebust, Grethe; Noyes, Frank R.; Powers, Christopher M.; Shields, Clarence L.; Shultz, Sandra J.; Silvers, Holly J.; Slauterbeck, James R.; Taylor, Dean C.; Teitz, Carol C.; Wojtys, Edward M.; Yu, Bing

doi:10.1177/0363546506286866

Cited by 860 publications

(815 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…As many as 100,000 to 250,000 people in the United States have an ACL injury each year [18,[20][21][22]. The US Armed Forces reports the military population has as much as 10 times the rate of ACL injuries as the general population [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Knee Extension Constraint Brace on Lower Extremity Movements after ACL Reconstruction

Stanley

Creighton

Gross

et al. 2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Patients have high reinjury rates after ACL reconstruction. Small knee flexion angles and large peak posterior ground reaction forces in landing tasks increase ACL loading. Questions/purposes We determined the effects of a knee extension constraint brace on knee flexion angle, peak posterior ground reaction force, and movement speed in functional activities of patients after ACL reconstruction. Patients and Methods Six male and six female patients 3.5 to 6.5 months after ACL reconstruction participated in the study. Three-dimensional videographic and force plate data were collected while patients performed level walking, jogging, and stair descent wearing a knee extension constraint brace, wearing a nonconstraint brace, and not wearing a knee brace. Knee flexion angle at initial foot contact with the ground, peak posterior ground reaction force, and movement speed were compared across brace conditions and between genders. Results Wearing the knee extension constraint brace increased the knee flexion angle at initial foot contact for each activity when compared with the other two brace conditions. Wearing the knee extension constraint brace also decreased peak posterior ground reaction force during walking but not during jogging and stair descent. Conclusions Although the knee extension constraint brace did not consistently reduce the peak posterior ground reaction force in all functional activities, it consistently increased knee flexion angle and should reduce ACL loading as suggested by previous studies. These results suggest the knee extension constraint brace has potential as a rehabilitation tool to alter lower extremity movement patterns of patients after ACL reconstruction to address high reinjury rates. Level of Evidence Level II, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Knee Extension Constraint Brace on Lower Extremity Movements after ACL Reconstruction

Stanley

Creighton

Gross

et al. 2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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“…Given the initially debilitating nature of the injury, an ACL tear necessarily produces an array of indirect costs: personal loss of income due to time away from work; government-funded injury leave (in certain countries); absence from school or university; and the loss of conditioning resulting from reduced activity 3 . It is, of course, difficult to adequately measure these indirect costs, but they must be considered when devising an appropriate patient-oriented treatment strategy 73 .…”

Section: Economics Of Acl Rupturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most ACL tears occur in young, active individuals, and require a prolonged lay-off from sport regardless of treatment choice. Standard treatment options include early ligament reconstruction or extensive rehabilitation with the possibility of delayed surgical repair in the event of clinically relevant instability 3 . They are, therefore, potentially expensive injuries, with the cost of surgical reconstruction and rehabilitation estimated to be approximately US$17,000 per patient, in addition to the loss of income related to the short-term functional disability 2,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health and Structural Consequences of Acute Knee Injuries Involving Rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Riordan

Frobell

Roemer

et al. 2013

Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America

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Word Count: 4183 2 3 SynopsisAlthough there is an abundance of literature regarding the development of knee osteoarthritis following rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the exact mechanism underlying this link is still not clear.Recent studies have reported that a number of factors may be predictive of the subsequent development of osteoarthritis, with damage to the menisci and articular cartilage during the initial trauma, altered knee biomechanics post-injury, and episodic instability chief among them. This article summarizes recent developments in the understanding of the joint damage resulting from an ACL tear, and the influence that current and future treatment methods may have on the long-term progression to osteoarthritis.

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“…This incidence is three to fi ve times higher among women than men (Griffi n et al, 2006). In 1970, Kennedy stated that "the anterior cruciate ligament is the most common cause of the exathlete."…”

Section: Is Injury Prevention Important?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is Injury Prevention in Sports Important?

Engebretsen

Bahr

2009

Sports Injury Prevention

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This book is a result of the IOC Medical Commission's increasing emphasis on prevention of sports injuries. The numerous health benefi ts of physical activity have been well documented, resulting in public health support of regular physical activity and exercise. Although benefi cial, exercise and sports also have corresponding risks, including that of musculoskeletal injuries. However, at a time when there is an abundance of medical meetings, journals, and papers, some might argue that the last thing we need is a new book focusing on yet another fi eld of research and clinical practice. What would justify such an emphasis on a new and developing fi eld in medicine? First, it must ask important questions not answered by others. Second, the new research fi eld should have the potential to create truly new knowledge, lead to new ways of thinking and lay the foundation for improved health for our patients. This is usually not possible without a multidisciplinary approach, involving a mixture of basic scientists and clinicians. Third, research results from the new fi eld should be publishable in respected journals, recognized and cited by peers, presentable at highquality meetings, and fundable on competitive grant review. Let us examine each of these issues to see if there is suffi cient merit in sports injury prevention research.

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Understanding and Preventing Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

Cited by 860 publications

References 146 publications

Effects of a Knee Extension Constraint Brace on Lower Extremity Movements after ACL Reconstruction

Effects of a Knee Extension Constraint Brace on Lower Extremity Movements after ACL Reconstruction

The Health and Structural Consequences of Acute Knee Injuries Involving Rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Why is Injury Prevention in Sports Important?

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