Understanding and quantification of elastic and plastic deformation during a scratch test

Jardret, Vincent; Zahouani, H.; Loubet, Jean‐Luc; Mathia, T.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(98)00200-2

Cited by 326 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The most commonly used type of indenter is the diamond conical Rockwell indenter. However, sharp indenters like Berkovich or cube-corner are also used in some special cases [7,8].…”

Section: The Scratch Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscratch test — A tool for evaluation of cohesive and adhesive properties of thin films and coatings

Tomáštík

Čtvrtlík

2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Thin films and coatings play an essential role in the whole range of applications. The example par excellence are optical thin films that broaden the possibilities of design of optical components. Analogically to other applications of thin films their mechanical properties are very important for their successful applicability and reliability. This becomes especially vital when they are employed in rough service conditions. As thin films on substrates inherently create a compact system the strength of the film-substrate interface is of great importance. Several experimental methods have been developed for qualification and quantification of the mechanical stability of the film-substrate system. In this paper, some brief introduction into the nanoscratch test is introduced. It is currently the most widely used method to evaluate and to test cohesive-adhesive properties of thin films and coatings.

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“…The most commonly used type of indenter is the diamond conical Rockwell indenter. However, sharp indenters like Berkovich or cube-corner are also used in some special cases [7,8].…”

Section: The Scratch Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscratch test — A tool for evaluation of cohesive and adhesive properties of thin films and coatings

Tomáštík

Čtvrtlík

2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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“…Values for factors g and f were determined from experimental data generated by Jardret et al [20] during scratch experiments on a range of materials to study surface elastic deflection, groove elastic recovery and plastic deformation. The data was used to plot g (reduction in scratch cross-sectional area factor) and f (material loss factor) against E/H.…”

Section: Modelling Stain Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle motion and stain removal during simulated abrasive tooth cleaning

Lewis

Barber

Dwyer-Joyce

2007

Wear

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Stain removal from teeth is important both to prevent decay and for appearance. This is usually achieved using a filament based tooth with a toothpaste consisting of abrasive particles in a carrier fluid. This work has been carried out to examine how these abrasive particles interact with the filaments and cause material removal from a stain layer on the surface of a tooth. It is important to understand this mechanism as while maximum cleaning efficiency is required, this must not be accompanied by damage to the enamel or dentine substrate.In this work simple abrasive scratch tests were used to investigate stain removal mechanism of two abrasive particles commonly used in tooth cleaning, silica and perlite. Silica particles are granular in shape and very different to perlite particles, which are flat and have thicknesses many times smaller than their width.Initially visualisation studies were carried out with perlite particles to study how they are entrained into a filament/counterface contact. Results were compared with previous studies using silica. Reciprocating scratch tests were then run to study how many filaments have a particle trapped at one moment and are involved in the cleaning process. Stain removal tests were then carried out in a similar manner to establish cleaning rates with the two particle types. Perlite particles were found to be less abrasive than silica. This was because of their shape and how they were entrained into the filament contacts and loaded against a counterface. With both particles subsurface damage during stain removal was found to be minimal.A simple model was built to predict stain removal rates with silica particles, which gave results that correlated well with the experimental data.

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“…Values for factors g and f were determined from experimental data generated during scratch experiments on a range of materials to study surface elastic deflection, groove elastic recovery and plastic deformation [15]. The data was used to plot g (reduction in scratch cross-sectional area factor) and f (material loss factor) against E/H (see Figure 13).…”

Section: Scratching and Wearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between toothbrushes and toothpaste abrasive particles in simulated tooth cleaning

Lewis

Dwyer-Joyce

Pickles

2004

Wear

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Most people clean their teeth using toothpaste, consisting of abrasive particles in a carrier fluid, and a filament based toothbrush to remove plaque and stain. In order to optimise cleaning efficiency it is important to understand how toothbrush filaments, abrasive particles and fluid interact in a tooth cleaning contact.Work has been carried out to visualise, simulate, and model the processes in teeth cleaning.Laboratory cleaning contacts were created between a toothbrush and a transparent surface.Video and short duration flash photography were used to study the processes by which a toothbrush traps abrasive particles, loads them against the counterface, and removes material.Small abrasive particles tend to be trapped at the contact between the filament tip and the counterface, whilst larger particles are trapped by clumps of filaments or at the contact with the side of a bent filament.Measurements of brush friction force were recorded during cleaning for a range of operating conditions. The presence of abrasive particles in the cleaning mixture increased the coefficient of friction, but the absolute particle concentration showed a lesser effect. It is surmised that only a few particles carry any load and cause any abrasion; increasing the particle concentration does not directly increase the number of load bearing particles.Abrasive scratch tests were also carried out, using PMMA as a wearing substrate. The scratches produced during these tests were studied. The microscopy images were used to deduce how the filaments deflect and drag, and how particles are trapped by filaments and scratch the surface. Again, it was observed that few of the brush filaments loaded particles to produce scratches, and that when a filament changes direction of travel the trapped particle is lost.Results of these studies were used to develop both qualitative and quantitative models of the process by which material is removed in teeth cleaning. The quantitative model contains, by necessity, several empirical factors, but nonetheless predictions compare well with in vitro wear results from the literature. The results were also used to draw some broad conclusions on appropriate brushing techniques for optimum tooth cleaning.

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Understanding and quantification of elastic and plastic deformation during a scratch test

Cited by 326 publications

References 10 publications

Nanoscratch test — A tool for evaluation of cohesive and adhesive properties of thin films and coatings

Nanoscratch test — A tool for evaluation of cohesive and adhesive properties of thin films and coatings

Particle motion and stain removal during simulated abrasive tooth cleaning

Interaction between toothbrushes and toothpaste abrasive particles in simulated tooth cleaning

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