Understanding and Treating Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Female Partners of Veterans With PTSD

Nelson, Briana S.; Wright, David W.

doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1996.tb00220.x

Cited by 42 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These effects are considered "secondary," because they occur in those who have not been directly traumatized by the event. Frequently, these effects may resemble PTSD symptoms (Bramsen, van der Ploeg, & Twisk, 2002;Nelson & Wright, 1996), but may be less intense (Maltas & Shay, 1995).…”

Section: Secondary Traumatic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dilemma with the secondary traumatization hypothesis is that there is limited empirical support for the theory. Much of the literature on secondary traumatization gives brief mention of this concept, citing clinical support (Figley, 1983(Figley, , 1989McCann & Pearlman, 1990;Miller & Sutherland, 1999;Nelson & Wright, 1996).…”

Section: Secondary Traumatic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is clinical and anecdotal evidence of the systemic impact of trauma on couple and family systems of trauma survivors (Balcom, 1996;Catherall, 1992a;Figley 1989Figley , 1998Johnson, 2002;Nelson et al, 2002;Nelson & Wright, 1996;Sheinberg & Fraenkel, 2001). However, a clear and consistent description of the systemic or interpersonal effects of traumatic stress is needed, particularly a theoretical description of the unique systemic mechanisms specific to trauma.…”

Section: Clinical Models Of Systemic Traumatic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Systemic Traumatic Stress: The Couple Adaptation to Traumatic Stress Model

Goff

Smith

2005

J Marital Family Therapy

188

210

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Section: Secondary Traumatic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Secondary Traumatic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Models Of Systemic Traumatic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Systemic Traumatic Stress: The Couple Adaptation to Traumatic Stress Model

Goff

Smith

2005

J Marital Family Therapy

188

210

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The dilemma with the secondary traumatization hypothesis is that there is limited empirical support for the theory. Much of the literature on secondary traumatization gives brief Trauma and Intimate Relationships 4 mention of this concept, citing clinical support and providing a necessary conceptual framework for understanding the secondary effects of trauma (Figley, 1983;McCann & Pearlman, 1990;Miller & Sutherland, 1999;Nelson & Wright, 1996). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of trauma on intimate relationships: A qualitative study with clinical couples.

Goff

Reisbig

Bole

et al. 2006

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

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Research traditionally has focused on the development of symptoms in those who experienced trauma directly but overlooked the impact of trauma on the families of victims. In recent years, researchers and clinicians have begun to examine how individual exposure to traumatic events affects the spouses/partners, children, and professional helpers of trauma survivors. The current study examines qualitative interview data from 17 individuals, analyzed using a retroductive methodology to identify how intimate relationships are affected when there is a history of trauma exposure. The following primary themes were identified: increased communication, decreased communication, increased cohesion/connection, decreased cohesion/connection, increased understanding, decreased understanding, sexual intimacy problems, symptoms of relationship distress, support from partner, and relationship resources. Areas for future research and clinical implications are identified. Trauma and Intimate Relationships 2Traumatic events have received substantial clinical and empirical focus in the past 25 years.Although traumatic experiences have been survived by people for centuries, scientific knowledge of trauma has increased in recent history. Much of the literature on trauma and posttraumatic stress focuses on the individual effects of trauma on the primary victim-the person who directly experienced the traumatic event (Herman, 1997; van der Kolk, McFarlane, & Weisaeth, 1996). Currently in the traumatic stress field, the definition of trauma almost exclusively encompasses the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) criteria for PTSD; thus, trauma has become synonymous with PTSD. However, some in the field have challenged this definition, suggesting an alternative model beyond the DSM-IV-TR description of trauma (Brewin, Carlson, Creamer, & Shalev, 2005). Shalev (2005) indicated that a stressful event becomes traumatic when it is emotionally and personally meaningful, cognitively incongruous, and when it affects human bonds and networks, suggesting that "trauma should not be seen as affecting individuals but as affecting humans in their context."The literature that describes a couple and family systems approach to trauma primarily involves secondary traumatic stress theory (Figley, 1983;, adult attachment theory (Johnson, 2002), and the relational approach to trauma treatment (Sheinberg & Fraenkel, 2001).Several terms have been used to describe these secondary effects, like compassion fatigue (Figley, 1995(Figley, , 2002, vicarious traumatization (McCann & Pearlman, 1990;Pearlman & Saakvitne, 1995), burnout (Figley, 1998), trauma transmission (Baranowsky, Young, JohnsonDouglas, Williams-Keeler, & McCarrey, 1998), and witnessing (Weingarten, 2003(Weingarten, , 2004. Trauma and Intimate Relationships 3The theory of secondary traumatic stress contends that being in close contact with and emotionally connected to a traumatized person becomes a chronic stressor, and family members often experience symptoms of traumatization (Arzi, Solomon, & Dekel, 2000;Fi...

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“…Those effects frequently represent PTSD symptoms, but are usually less intensive (18,19). Secondary traumatization occurs as a result of close emotional connection and care for someone who shows PTSD symptoms or as a result of cognition or witnessing the traumatic event experienced by a person who is important to us (20,21). In narrow sense, secondary traumatization pertains to transfer of intrusive symptoms to persons in their vicinity (nightmares, intentional thoughts and memories) as well as other symptoms typically experienced by traumatized persons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Problems and Emotional Difficulties at Children and Early Adolescents of the Veterans of War with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Selimbašić¹,

Sinanović²,

Avdibegović³

et al. 2016

Med Arh

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Introduction: Behavioral problems and emotional difficulties at children of the veterans of war with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have not been researched entirely. In our country, which has a lot of persons suffering from some psychological traumas, this trauma seems to continue. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the exposure, manifestations of behavioral problems and emotional difficulties at children and early adolescents, whose fathers were the veterans of war demonstrating post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Respondents and methods:The analyzed group comprised 120 school age children (10-15 years of age), whose parents/fathers were the veterans of war. The children were divided into two groups, and each group into the following two age sub-groups: 10-12 (children) and 13-15 (early adolescents) according to PTSD presence at their fathers -veterans of war. PTSD symptoms at fathers, veterans of war, were assessed using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-Bosnia and Herzegovina version and MKB-10 -audit of criteria. To assess the behavioral problems of children, the Child Behavior Checklist for parents was used, and to evaluate the neuroticism at children Hanes-Scale of neuroticism-extraversion was used while the depression level was evaluated using the Depression self-rating scale (DSRS). To analyze the obtained results, SPSS 17 program was used. The value p <0. 05 is considered significant. Results: Children of fathers, the veterans of war, demonstrating the PTSD symptoms show more problems in activity, social and school conduct as well as in symptoms of behavioral problems compared to the children whose fathers do not demonstrate the PTSD symptoms (p<0. 001). Children of the war veterans demonstrating the symptoms of the post-traumatic stress disorder show significant difference at neuroticism sub-scales (p<0.001). Negative correlation between PTSD and activity, social and school conduct has been determined (p <0. 01), while positive correlation was determined between PTSD of war veterans with symptoms and neuroticism at children (p <0. 01). Depression symptoms are found at 17.5% children, while 28.3% are in the risky group and the girls demonstrate higher depression level. Conclusion: Children and early adolescents of fathers -veterans of war with post-traumatic stress disorder show significant differences in competencies, behavior, emotional difficulties and neuroticism. Significant correlation was found between psychopathology of parents -fathers the veterans of war and their children. Impact of psychological conditions of fathers -the veterans of war with post-traumatic stress disorder to children is strong and they represent a significant risky group for development of mental disorders.Keywords: behavioral problems, emotional difficulties, children and early adolescents, veterans of war, post-traumatic stress disorder.

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Understanding and Treating Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Female Partners of Veterans With PTSD

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Systemic Traumatic Stress: The Couple Adaptation to Traumatic Stress Model

Systemic Traumatic Stress: The Couple Adaptation to Traumatic Stress Model

The effects of trauma on intimate relationships: A qualitative study with clinical couples.

Behavioral Problems and Emotional Difficulties at Children and Early Adolescents of the Veterans of War with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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