Understanding antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals against multidrug resistant bacteria and biofilms

Simões, Manuel; Bennett, Richard N.; Rosa, Eduardo

doi:10.1039/b821648g

Cited by 378 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…The lowest MIC value (64 μg/ml) for the crude extract was recorded on two of the tested microbial species namely S. aureus and E. coli ATCC8739. Phytochemicals are routinely classified as antimicrobials on the basis of susceptibility tests that produce MIC) in the range of 100 to 1000 mg/mL [24]. Their activity is considered to be significant if MICvalues are below 100 μg/ml for crude extract and 10 μg/ml for pure compounds [25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and compounds from Artocarpus communis (Moraceae)

Kuete

Ango

Fotso

et al. 2011

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundArtocarpus communis is used traditionally in Cameroon to treat several ailments, including infectious and associated diseases. This work was therefore designed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract (ACB) and compounds isolated from the bark of this plant, namely peruvianursenyl acetate C (1), α-amyrenol or viminalol (2), artonin E (4) and 2-[(3,5-dihydroxy)-(Z)-4-(3-methylbut-1-enyl)phenyl]benzofuran-6-ol (5).MethodsThe liquid microdilution assay was used in the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC), against seven bacterial and one fungal species.ResultsThe MIC results indicated that ACB as well as compounds 4 and 5 were able to prevent the growth of all tested microbial species. All other compounds showed selective activities. The lowest MIC value of 64 μg/ml for the crude extract was recorded on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. The corresponding value of 32 μg/ml was recorded with compounds 4 and 5 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 and compound 5 on E. coli ATCC 8739, their inhibition effect on P. aeruginosa PA01 being more than that of chloramphenicol used as reference antibiotic.ConclusionThe overall results of this study provided supportive data for the use of A. communis as well as some of its constituents for the treatment of infections associated with the studied microorganisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and compounds from Artocarpus communis (Moraceae)

Kuete

Ango

Fotso

et al. 2011

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…On bacteria, these type of mishandlings create a selective pressure for the development of bacterial resistance and/or multidrug resistance to these compounds, with resistance being transmitted within and between individuals. 2,[5][6][7][8] The emergence of resistant microorganisms is a global concern and has led to a quest for the search and development of new alternative antimicrobial products not so vulnerable as current drugs to bacterial resistance mechanisms. [7][8][9][10] Plants produce a vast array of secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), a number of which are commonly believed to be involved in chemical strategies to protect themselves against pathogen microbial attack of fungi, yeasts and bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,[5][6][7][8] The emergence of resistant microorganisms is a global concern and has led to a quest for the search and development of new alternative antimicrobial products not so vulnerable as current drugs to bacterial resistance mechanisms. [7][8][9][10] Plants produce a vast array of secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), a number of which are commonly believed to be involved in chemical strategies to protect themselves against pathogen microbial attack of fungi, yeasts and bacteria. 11,12 The use of phytochemicals as antimicrobial agents is at present considered a strategic approach to overpass the mentioned drawbacks because they not only have multiple and different modes of action from current antibiotics (posing a low risk for the development of resistance), but are also derived from natural sources presenting a green and safe status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-tuning of the hydrophobicity of caffeic acid: studies on the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

et al. 2015

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The increased bacterial multidrug resistance caused by inappropriate use and overuse of antimicrobials is a global concern. To circumvent this issue, a quest for the development of new active agents has been widely recognized. Some phytochemical products, produced by plants as part of their chemical defense strategies, are regarded as new stimulus to develop novel antimicrobials that are not as vulnerable as current drugs to bacterial resistance mechanisms. In this study, the antimicrobial activity and mode of action of caffeic acid (CAF) and a series of CAF alkyl esters was assessed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with the aim of analyzing the influence of the alkyl ester side chain length on the activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), changes in physicochemical surface properties and intracellular potassium leakage were used as physiological indices for the antimicrobial mode of action. CAF alkyl esters were found to be effective antimicrobial agents against both bacteria. Their activity was directly dependent on their lipophilicity, which affected bacterial susceptibility, the physicochemical properties of the bacteria and the integrity of the membranes. E. coli was less susceptible than S. aureus to the action of the compounds. Longer alkyl side chains were more effective against the Gram-positive bacterium, while medium length alkyl side chain compounds were more effective against the Gram-negative bacterium. Caffeic acid derivatives are proposed to act as cell permeabilizers, inducing membrane alterations, causing rupture with potassium leakage, particularly on the Gram positive bacterium, and consequent cell death.

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“…So, substantial resources have been invested in the research of new antimicrobials. Natural products, mainly those from microbial origins, have provided the pharmaceutical industry with some of its most important sources of lead compounds in the search for new anti-microbials (Simoes et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of extracts of endophytic fungi from <i>Artemisia annua</i>

Zhang

2012

Bangladesh J Pharmacol

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The endophytic extracts of 11 fungi associated with asympomatic Artemisia annua Linn., were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against three human pathogenic microbes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum, and two plant pathogens, Rhizoctonia cerealis and Magnaporthe grisea. The results showed that these endophytic extracts had different inhibitory effects on microbial pathogens at 100 mg/mL. Among these fungal endophytes, three strains Aspergillus spp. SPS-02, SPS-04 and SPS-01 respectively showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against E. coli, S. aureu, T. rubrum. An endophytic Mucor sp. SPS-11 had the most pronounced effect on R. cerealis. Two strains Aspergillus sp. SPS-02 and Cephalosporium sp. SPS-08 exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activities against M. grisea. These anti-pathogenic endophytes could be applied as new sources of antibiotics in agriculture and pharmaceutical industry. Article Info

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Understanding antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals against multidrug resistant bacteria and biofilms

Cited by 378 publications

References 198 publications

Antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and compounds from Artocarpus communis (Moraceae)

Antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and compounds from Artocarpus communis (Moraceae)

Fine-tuning of the hydrophobicity of caffeic acid: studies on the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of extracts of endophytic fungi from <i>Artemisia annua</i>

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