Understanding apoptosis in sickle cell anemia patients: Mechanisms and implications

Abstract

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin, leading to the formation of sickle-shaped red blood cells. While much research has focused on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of SCA, recent attention has turned to the role of apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in the disease progression. This review aims to elucidate the intricate mechanisms of apoptosis in SCA patients and explore its implications in disease severity, complications, and potential therapeutic interventions. Different research search engines such as PubMed central, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia Edu, etc were utilized in writing this paper. Apoptosis, a highly regulated cellular process, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by eliminating damaged or dysfunctional cells. In SCA, the imbalance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals contributes to increased erythrocyte apoptosis, exacerbating anemia and vaso-occlusive crises. Various factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered cell signaling pathways, converge to modulate the apoptotic response in SCA. Furthermore, the interaction between apoptotic cells and the vascular endothelium contributes to endothelial dysfunction, promoting the pathogenesis of vasculopathy and organ damage seen in SCA patients. In conclusion, unraveling the complexities of apoptosis in SCA provides valuable insights into the disease pathophysiology and offers novel avenues for therapeutic interventions.

Telomere Dynamics in Sickle Cell Anemia: Unraveling Molecular Aging and Disease Progression

“…Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) stands as a paradigmatic hematological disorder, characterized by the abnormal production of hemoglobin and the consequential formation of sickle-shaped erythrocytes. 1–3 While advancements in genetic and molecular research have significantly enhanced our understanding of SCA, certain facets of its pathophysiology, particularly the role of telomere dynamics, remain relatively unexplored. Telomeres, protective nucleoprotein structures at the ends of chromosomes, play a crucial role in preserving genomic integrity and cellular function.…”