Understanding automatic generation control

Jaleeli, N.; VanSlyck, L.S.; Ewart, D.N.; Fink, L.H.; Hoffmann, Alwin

doi:10.1109/59.207324

Cited by 608 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Moreover, in [9] an effective control strategy for system stability and proper system dynamics was established. New approaches towards designing an improved controller and proper system modeling for RPGs in integrated thermal AGC were elaborated in [10]. Kumar et al drew attention to the detailed application of a wind generator-based AGC system and its effective control strategies in [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approach in two-area interconnected AGC including various renewable energy sources using PSO

2018

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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This paper presents a novel approach for automatic generation control (AGC) as an integrated two-area thermal-hybrid power generation system (THPGS) where thermal generators are interconnected with various renewable power generators (RPGs) like a solar power generator (SPG), wind power generator (WPG), fuel cell, and aqua electrolyzer. A comparison is carried out between the THPGS and a normal thermal power system considering proportional integral and derivative controllers. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used for optimizing the gain parameters of the controller. Investigation of dynamic responses is carried out considering step load perturbation as well as random load perturbation (RLP). Problems are formulated considering the variation in SPG and WPG power output in the presence of RLP in area 1 and the change in generation of SPG and WPG power in both areas for analyzing system stability and robustness. The investigation proves that PSO-optimized controllers are so robust that it is not necessary to change the parameter values of the controllers for a wide variation in SPG and WPG output power. Thus, integration of RPGs in AGC is properly applied for investigating the dynamic behaviors of the system. All the simulation works are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink software.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approach in two-area interconnected AGC including various renewable energy sources using PSO

2018

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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“…However, the control philosophies adopted by different utilities appear to have significant differences [6]. Implementation details are generally proprietary and there is very little open discussion regarding the relative merits of the different schemes in use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Implementation details are generally proprietary and there is very little open discussion regarding the relative merits of the different schemes in use. It is also widely believed that continued enhancements of the present schemes are possible via new control approaches [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reinforcement learning approach to automatic generation control

Ahamed

Rao

Sastry

2002

Electric Power Systems Research

175

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This paper formulates the automatic generation control (AGC) problem as a stochastic multistage decision problem. A strategy for solving this new AGC problem formulation is presented by using a reinforcement learning (RL) approach. This method of obtaining an AGC controller does not depend on any knowledge of the system model and more importantly it admits considerable flexibility in defining the control objective. Two specific RL based AGC algorithms are presented. The first algorithm uses the traditional control objective of limiting area control error (ACE) excursions, where as, in the second algorithm, the controller can restore the load-generation balance by only monitoring deviation in tie line flows and system frequency and it does not need to know or estimate the composite ACE signal as is done by all current approaches. The effectiveness and versatility of the approaches has been demonstrated using a two area AGC model. #

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“…Until now several classical and advanced control techniques have been implemented to solve load frequency control (LFC) problem [9][10][11][12]. However, in the case of renewable generations, the lack of sufficient inertia will be the main limitation of grid connected renewable electrical energy systems which gives rise to negative impacts on the power system operation [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of derivative control based virtual inertia in multi‐area high‐voltage direct current interconnected power systems

Rakhshani

Remon

Cantarellas

et al. 2016

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

171

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Abstract:Due to increasing level of power converter-based component and consequently the lack of inertia, automatic generation control (AGC) of interconnected systems is experiencing different challenges. To cope with this challenging issue, a derivative control-based virtual inertia for simulating the dynamic effects of inertia emulations by HVDC (highvoltage direct current) interconnected systems is introduced and reflected in the multi-area AGC system. Derivative control technique is used for higher level applications of inertia emulation. The virtual inertia will add an additional degree of freedom to the system dynamics which makes a considerable improvement on first overshoot responses in addition to damping characteristics of HVDC links. Complete trajectory sensitivities are used to analyse the effects of virtual inertia and derivative control gains on the system stability. The effectiveness of the proposed concept on dynamic improvements is tested through Matlab simulation of two-area test system for different contingencies.

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Understanding automatic generation control

Cited by 608 publications

References 21 publications

New approach in two-area interconnected AGC including various renewable energy sources using PSO

New approach in two-area interconnected AGC including various renewable energy sources using PSO

A reinforcement learning approach to automatic generation control

Analysis of derivative control based virtual inertia in multi‐area high‐voltage direct current interconnected power systems

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