Understanding cellular disruptions during early embryo development that perturb viability and fetal development

Lane, Michelle; Gardner, David K.

doi:10.1071/rd04102

Cited by 145 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Additionally, a greater understanding of embryonic metabolism may provide new approaches to assessing embryonic viability and screening for inborn errors of metabolism. For example, a recent study reported that higher rates of lactate production in murine embryos cultured in vitro were associated with reduced viability following uterine transfer (36). The size and accessibility of the early mammalian embryo no longer represent such significant impediments to investigating early embryonic metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermediary Metabolism and Energetics during Murine Early Embryogenesis

Johnson

Mahmood

Patel

2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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All living cells rely on intermediary metabolism to maintain an adequate state of energetics. Considerable progress has been made over the last century in defining many of the pathways and regulatory mechanisms of intermediary metabolism. Following from this mechanistic understanding, much insight has been gained into how organisms modulate the metabolism of their various cell types to achieve energy homeostasis during different physiologic states and developmental stages. In mammals, the prenatal period is less well characterized in terms of energy metabolism, principally due to technical difficulties associated with the small size of and limited accessibility to samples. The initial stages of prenatal development, when there is rapid growth and striking morphologic changes, stand out as a particularly important period for investigating energy metabolism. Furthermore, the increasing utilization of in vitro fertilization techniques for human and domestic animal reproduction mandates a better understanding of early embryonic metabolism to improve culture conditions. This review will provide an overview of the current understanding of intermediary metabolism associated with energy production in the early murine embryo, the most fully characterized of mammalian embryos. Several approaches that have been used to investigate embryonic metabolism will be considered, with a special emphasis being given to recently introduced mutations affecting pathways implicated in energy homeostasis of the early embryo. Substrate Utilization during Early EmbryogenesisSince the first reports of successful culture of rabbit embryos almost a century ago, much effort has been devoted to defining the substrates required for mammalian embryo viability and then characterizing how these substrates are utilized. Before considering studies investigating the metabolism of substrates in vitro, it is important to appreciate what is known about the substrates that are available to the embryo in vivo. The embryo begins life with an endowment of maternally provided substrates that are carried over from the oocyte. Unlike a number of vertebrate and invertebrate species, oocytes from many mammalian species, including the mouse, contain relatively limited amounts of glycogen or lipids (1). Mammalian oocytes do, however, have substantial stores of amino acids and protein. It has been estimated that the endogenous protein store within the one-cell mouse embryo could meet all of its energetic needs for the first several days of development (2). The observation that the murine embryo loses ϳ25% of its total protein content during the first 2-3 days of development indicates that endogenous protein is catabolized during early embryogenesis (3). Beyond the first several days of development, little is known about the relative amounts of endogenous substrates present in the embryo, and no studies have determined how these endogenous substrates are utilized.Studies of the female reproductive tract fluid in the mouse have identified a number of substrates that c...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermediary Metabolism and Energetics during Murine Early Embryogenesis

Johnson

Mahmood

Patel

2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…It is also known that apoptosis increases when embryos are cultured under suboptimal conditions (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Increased apoptosis in blastocysts (and consequently fewer healthy inner-cell mass cells) impairs embryonic and fetal development (21,(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of light on development of mammalian zygotes

Takenaka

Horiuchi

Yanagimachi

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

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It is generally assumed that light has no effect on the physiology of oocytes, zygotes, or early embryos. Therefore, little or no attention has been paid to lighting conditions during the handling of these cells in vitro. Here we show that cool white fluorescent light, rich in short-wavelength visible light and commonly used in research and clinical laboratories, produces more reactive oxygen species in mouse and hamster zygotes than does warm white fluorescent light. Mouse blastocysts that developed from zygotes shielded from light best developed to term fetuses followed by those exposed to warm white fluorescent light and then by those exposed to cool white fluorescent light. We hypothesized that light is one of the physical factors affecting embryonic environment and that its effects on cultured mammalian zygotes and embryos should not be overlooked.apoptosis ͉ fetal development ͉ hamster ͉ mouse

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“…This finding may involve altering culture conditions because such changes can positively affect embryo metabolism and gene expression. For example, including amino acids in the culture medium enhances the embryo's ability to implant and develop after transfer (33,34). This effect correlates with the observation that amino acids can reduce the enhanced glycolytic rate that is observed in early To measure the retention of spatial information on a per subject basis, an animal's performance on day 21 was compared with its performance on day 1, and the data are expressed as this ratio minus 1 so that identical performance on day 21 and day 1 results in a value of 0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of culture of preimplantation mouse embryos on behavior

Ecker

Stein

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

258

175

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Many procedures used in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to treat human infertility entail culture of preimplantation embryos. Moreover, there is an increasing trend to culture embryos for longer periods of time before uterine transfer to identify the ''best'' embryos for transfer and to minimize multiple pregnancies. Embryo culture, however, can perturb embryo metabolism and gene expression, and the long-term consequences of culture are unknown. We have explored the behavioral consequences of embryo culture by using a 129S6͞SvEvTac͞C57BL͞6J F 1 mouse model and find that adults derived from cultured embryos exhibit specific behavioral alterations in the elevated zero maze and Morris water maze tasks.

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Understanding cellular disruptions during early embryo development that perturb viability and fetal development

Cited by 145 publications

References 76 publications

Intermediary Metabolism and Energetics during Murine Early Embryogenesis

Intermediary Metabolism and Energetics during Murine Early Embryogenesis

Effects of light on development of mammalian zygotes

Long-term effects of culture of preimplantation mouse embryos on behavior

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