Understanding Diabetic Foot Infection and its Management

Noor, Saba; Khan, Rizwan Ullah; Ahmad, Jamal

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.06.023

Cited by 102 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It has been reported that patients with LH have an almost sixfold higher occurrence of unexplained hypoglycemia compared with patients without LH, and sevenfold higher occurrence of glycemic variability. Suboptimal glycemic control also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, amputation, retinal diseases, kidney disease and a range of other diseases, as diabetes mellitus can affect multiple organs. Furthermore, LH can increase economic burden, as diabetes patients with LH consume more insulin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of lipohypertrophy in insulin‐treated diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Deng

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2017

J of Diabetes Invest

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Aims/IntroductionInsulin‐treated diabetes patients are at high risk for lipohypertrophy (LH), but this clinical problem has been overlooked by some medical professionals. In addition, studies differed from each other significantly in regard to the prevalence of LH. The present systematic review aimed to determine pooled prevalence levels of LH among insulin‐injecting diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsFour electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Scopus) were searched for eligible studies from their inception until April 2017, and reference lists were searched manually to identify additional studies. Studies containing data on LH in patients with diabetes mellitus were included. Meta‐analysis was carried out with a random effects model.ResultsA total of 26 studies with a total of 12,493 participants met the inclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of LH was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29–46%, I 2 = 99.1%). The main influence on LH was the type of diabetes mellitus. The pooled prevalence of LH among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher than patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (49%, 95% CI 23–74% vs 34%, 95% CI 19–49%). The pooled prevalence of LH of studies involving a mixed type of diabetes mellitus was 37% (95% CI 25–48%, I 2 = 98.3%).ConclusionThe prevalence of LH was high in insulin‐treated diabetes patients. It showed that diabetes nurses should screen for LH regularly in their patients, and teach them how to prevent LH in their daily management of diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of lipohypertrophy in insulin‐treated diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Deng

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2017

J of Diabetes Invest

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“…The mortality rate among diabetic patients with DFU is higher than twofold compared with nonulcer patients . Based on the previous evidence, the effective management of diabetes and timely treatment of foot ulcer are implicated for decrease the morbidity and mortality of DFU . The nutritional status of diabetic patients correlates with the severity of ulcer and play an important role in the reversing of wound risk …”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

Afzali

Kashi

Momen‐Heravi

et al. 2019

Wound Repair Regeneration

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This study was carried out to determine the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 57 patients with grade 3 DFU. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to take either 250 mg magnesium oxide plus 400 IU vitamin E (n = 29) or placebo per day (n = 28) for 12 weeks. Compared with the placebo, taking magnesium plus vitamin E supplements reduced ulcer length (β [difference in the mean of outcomes measures between treatment groups] −0.56 cm; 95% CI, −0.92, −0.20; p = 0.003), width (β −0.35 cm; 95% CI, −0.64, −0.05; p = 0.02) and depth (β −0.18 cm; 95% CI, −0.33, −0.02; p = 0.02). In addition, co-supplementation led to a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (β −13.41 mg/dL; 95% CI, −20.96, −5.86; p = 0.001), insulin (β −1.45 μIU/ml; 95% CI, −2.37, −0.52; p = 0.003), insulin resistance (β −0.60; 95% CI, −0.99, −0.20; p = 0.003) and HbA1c (β −0.32%; 95% CI, −0.48, −0.16; p < 0.003), and a significant elevation in insulin sensitivity (β 0.007; 95% CI, 0.003, 0.01; p < 0.001) compared with the placebo. Additionally, compared with the placebo, taking magnesium plus vitamin E supplements decreased triglycerides (β −10.08 mg/dL; 95% CI, −19.70, −0.46; p = 0.04), LDL-cholesterol (β −5.88 mg/dL; 95% CI, −11.42, −0.34; p = 0.03), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β −3.42 mg/L; 95% CI, −4.44, −2.41; p < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (β −0.30 μmol/L; 95% CI, −0.45, −0.15; p < 0.001), and increased HDL-cholesterol (β 2.62 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.60, 4.63; p = 0.01) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (β 53.61 mmol/L; 95% CI, 4.65, 102.57; p = 0.03). Overall, magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation for 12 weeks to patients with DFU had beneficial effects on ulcer size, glycemic control, triglycerides, LDL-and HDL-cholesterol, hs-CRP, TAC, and MDA levels.The diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic consequence of diabetes mellitus which mainly caused by neuropathy, different grades of ischemia, and infection that coincide with poor glycemic control and diminished neutrophil function. 1 The mortality rate among diabetic patients with DFU is higher than twofold compared with nonulcer patients. 2 Based on the previous evidence, the effective management of diabetes and timely treatment of foot ulcer are implicated for decrease the morbidity and mortality of DFU. 3 The nutritional status of diabetic patients correlates with the severity of ulcer and play an important role in the reversing of wound risk. 4 According to the prior studies, the alternation of magnesium metabolism is a common feature in diabetic patients which interference with glycemic control and contributes to impaired insulin sensitivity and chronic inflammatory status. 5In addition, observational evidence shown that there is an inverse association between magnesium levels and the occurrence of foot ulcers, nephropathy and retinopathy. 6 Similarly, it is repo...

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“…Seiring waktu gangguan ini menyebabkan ulserasi sehingga terjadi ulkus. Demikian halnya ketika telah terjadi ulkus maka proses penyembuhannya terganggu sehingga ulkus dapat meluas (Noor et al 2016). Waktu pembekuan merupakan prediktor paling sederhana terhadap faktor koagulasi.…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasanunclassified

Profil Koagulasi Pasien Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Di Rs X, Kebumen, Jawa Tengah

Rahayu¹,

Arjana²,

Juwariyah³

et al. 2017

Biomedika

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Understanding Diabetic Foot Infection and its Management

Cited by 102 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence of lipohypertrophy in insulin‐treated diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prevalence of lipohypertrophy in insulin‐treated diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The effects of magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

Profil Koagulasi Pasien Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Di Rs X, Kebumen, Jawa Tengah

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