Understanding Eastern Philosophy

Billington, Ray Allen

doi:10.4324/9780203005750

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…We note that self-awareness is a critical component of consciousness which has not been fully addressed by the proposed affective model which views conscious experience (observer) as awareness. Howsoever, these could have different philosophical interpretations as in the spiritual literature [39], self-awareness is known to emerge at higher states of consciousness or conscious experience [43]. The spiritual literature views non-thinking or meditative state as the highest state of consciousness [128].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although certain foundations in the definition of consciousness have emerged [3,4,6], there has been the need for a definition that can fulfill the needs from the perspective of various fields that include neuroscience, psychology and philosophy. Historically, the study of consciousnesses has been the subject of various groups and phases in ancient and modern history that include those both from Eastern [39,40] and Western philosophical traditions [41].…”

Section: Studies Of Consciousnessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards an Affective Computational Model for Machine Consciousness

Chandra

2017

Neural Information Processing

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In the past, several models of consciousness have become popular and have led to the development of models for machine consciousness with varying degrees of success and challenges for simulation and implementations. Moreover, affective computing attributes that involve emotions, behavior and personality have not been the focus of models of consciousness as they lacked motivation for deployment in software applications and robots. The affective attributes are important factors for the future of machine consciousness with the rise of technologies that can assist humans. Personality and affection hence can give an additional flavor for the computational model of consciousness in humanoid robotics. Recent advances in areas of machine learning with a focus on deep learning can further help in developing aspects of machine consciousness in areas that can better replicate human sensory perceptions such as speech recognition and vision. With such advancements, one encounters further challenges in developing models that can synchronize different aspects of affective computing. In this paper, we review some existing models of consciousnesses and present an affective computational model that would enable the human touch and feel for robotic systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies Of Consciousnessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an Affective Computational Model for Machine Consciousness

Chandra

2017

Neural Information Processing

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“…The Yin-Yang concept suggests that, in order for all existences to sustain and achieve transcendence, they must obtain hseng sheng or "mutually rising". As Billington (1997) explains, "hseng sheng means not just that one cannot exist without the other, but that one is constantly moving towards, and taking the nature of, the other" (p. 111).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There will be sporadic conflicts and some religious institutions may even face elimination as the Yang within them becomes overly dominant and overt. As with the clash of Falun Gong and the central government, when the Yin-impact of Falun Gong had reached its climax and became Yang which exceeded the Chinese government's control, resulting in suppression and coercion in favor of tighter government restriction to retreat that balance (Billington, 1997), so other religions may exceed some of accommodation. But apparently, chaos and destruction are not absolutely negative, they bring new forms of life into existence, and life is an eternal movement: "Eternity is a circle, having neither beginning nor end.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Yin Yang: A New Perspective in Understanding the Development of Religion in Contemporary China

Chu¹,

Yi²,

Lu³

2014

JCRS

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The Taoism on Yin Yang has influenced the Orientalists' perception concerning the types of relation among all existence in the universe for centuries. It maintains that a society is comprised of countless antagonistic components or conflicting social players, including religious institutions and the Chinese government. All existence is charged with two great forces, simply known as Yin and Yang. These two great forces are opposite-but-complementary to each other. They determine how social players interact to avoid chaos and destructions, so balance and harmony are established and maintained in society. In other words, Yin Yang helps the social players to form a harmonious relationship with one and another by weakening or strengthening their inner inherited Yin-or-Yang elements according to timing and conditions. Drawing on recent research on Yin Yang as a novel approach in understanding business-related issues in contemporary China, such concept is also relevant to understand the development of religion in China.

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“…As Billington (1997) explains, the 'typically Western idea of God is absent from the majority of expressions of Eastern religion or philosophy' (p. 9), and Buddhism is a prime example of this. In describing the Buddhist eightfold path, for example, Batchelor (1998) insists that 'there is nothing particularly religious or spiritual about this path' and that 'it encompasses everything we do.…”

Section: Secularism Spirituality and Mindfulnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Contemporary Applications of Mindfulness: Some Implications for Education

Hyland¹

2015

Journal of Philosophy of Education

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Interest in the Buddhist concept of mindfulness has burgeoned over the last few decades as a result of its application as a therapeutic strategy in mind-body medicine, psychotherapy, psychiatry, education, leadership and management, and a wide range of other theoretical and practical domains. Although many commentators welcome this extension of the range and application of mindfulness-drawing parallels between ancient contemplative traditions and modern secular interpretations-there has been very little analysis of either the philosophical underpinnings of this phenomenon or of its implications for education. This article examines the new interpretations of mindfulness in the following areas-meaning and definition, ethical foundations and spiritual ethos-in an attempt to gain a clearer understanding of what is involved inthe process of reconstructing the concept of mindfulness. In conclusion, some implications for learning and education are examined in the light of these recent re-interpretations of mindfulness principles and practices. A central thesis throughout is that-although there are many educational benefits of mindfulness in the areas of moral, affective and spiritual education-such potential gains require the maintenance of organic connections between contemporary practices and their foundations in secular Buddhism.

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Understanding Eastern Philosophy

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Towards an Affective Computational Model for Machine Consciousness

Towards an Affective Computational Model for Machine Consciousness

Yin Yang: A New Perspective in Understanding the Development of Religion in Contemporary China

On the Contemporary Applications of Mindfulness: Some Implications for Education

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