Understanding eco-immunology of bacterial zoonoses and alternative therapeutics toward "One Health"

Abstract

The current review identifies key bacterial zoonoses, the understanding of comparative immunology, evolutionary trade-offs between emerging bacterial pathogens and their dynamics on both arms of immunity. The several gaps in the literature limit our understanding of spread of prominent bacterial zoonotic diseases and the host-pathogen interactions that may change in response to environmental and social factors. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of how anthropogenic activities affects the spread of emerging zoonotic diseases, is essential for predicting and mitigating future disease emergence through fine-tuning of surveillance and control measures with respect to different pathogens. This review highlights the urgent need to increase understanding of the comparative immunity of animal reservoirs, design of vaccines according to the homology in host-pathogen interactions, and the alternative strategies to counter the risk of bacterial pathogenic spillover to humans with eventual spread of zoonotic diseases.

Diagnosis of Various Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases in Human and Bovine populations in Haryana State under the umbrella of One Health

“…The inter linkage between humans, animals, and environmental elements amplifies the possibility of transmitting zoonotic diseases (Hassell et al, 2017). Thus, diverse ways of transmission, infection routes, and clinical manifestations of zoonotic infections pose challenges to healthcare systems and veterinary practices worldwide (Behera et al, 2021). Therefore, increased attention, monitoring, and inter-sectoral efforts are of utmost importance to implement successful measures for the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases.…”