Understanding Glass through Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Abstract

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a powerful tool to address some of the most challenging issues in glass science and technology, such as the nonequilibrium nature of the glassy state and the detailed thermodynamics and kinetics of glass-forming systems during glass transition, relaxation, rejuvenation, polyamorphic transition, and crystallization. The utility of the DSC technique spans across all glass-forming chemistries, including oxide, chalcogenide, metallic, and organic systems, as well as recently discovered metal–organic framework glass-forming systems. Here we present a comprehensive review of the many applications of DSC in glass science with focus on glass transition, relaxation, polyamorphism, and crystallization phenomena. We also emphasize recent advances in DSC characterization technology, including flash DSC and temperature-modulated DSC. This review demonstrates how DSC studies have led to a multitude of relevant advances in the understanding of glass physics, chemistry, and even technology.

Toward hard and highly crack resistant magnesium aluminosilicate glasses and transparent glass‐ceramics

“…To obtain the standard T g , two runs of DSC up‐ and downscans at 20 K/min were conducted. The recorded DSC output of the first upscan reflected the enthalpy response of a sample with unknown thermal history (ie, an unknown quenching rate), whereas the second upscan reflected the enthalpy response of the sample with a well‐defined thermal history (ie, a quenching rate of 20 K/min here). In addition, T c was determined as shown in Figure .…”

Pressureless Crystallization of Glass for Transparent Nanoceramics

“…[34,35] In this work, the crystallinity was evaluated by Rietveld analysis based on the XRD patterns. Crystalline phase was characterized by XRD analysis on an X-ray diffractometer, using Cu/Ka as radiation source.…”

Determining the liquidus viscosity of glass‐forming liquids through differential scanning calorimetry

“…Liquid viscosity is thus a measure of glass-forming ability, which is also correlated to glass stability. 2,3 A larger η L indicates a higher glass-forming ability. Hence, η L is a governing factor for glass fiberizing processes, 4 and it is important in the design of new industrial glass compositions.…”

“…6 Liquidus temperature, T L , is defined as the highest temperature at which crystals are in equilibrium in a system, which is inherently a thermodynamic quantity. 2 Various methods have been applied to determine T L in glass science and in the glass industry. The traditional method to measure T L of glass-forming compositions is based on holding the sample for a prolonged period of time in a gradient furnace.…”