“…Findings from SUN highlight important demographic, behavioral factors, and personality factors that canbe used to identify sub-populations at the highest risk for alcohol and tobacco co-use (e.g., more frequent coffee drinkers) and protective characteristics that can be leveraged (e.g., promoting physical activity). Findings from interviews with 24 PWIDs further highlight the importance of healthcare responses to include wrap-around services that build on strong patient-provider relationships and integrate substance abuse, mental health, physical health, social needs, and harm reduction approaches(Heidari et al, 2023).The body of research included in this special issue on mental health highlights the complex web of factors that influence risk and experiences for diverse and underserved populations across the globe and provides exemplars of effective strategies to address this significant global public health crisis. Findings highlight the important role that early life exposures, such as ACEs, and structural and social determinants, such as gender inequality, poverty, war, violence, and stress, have on mental health.…”