Understanding immune–microbiota interactions in the intestine

Ahern, Philip P.; Maloy, Kevin J.

doi:10.1111/imm.13150

Cited by 78 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(293 reference statements)

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“…The human body contains a complex population of bacteria with huge diversity of different species. Bacteria and the chemicals they produce affect the body homeostasis and these effects can have both positive and negative impacts on human health [143][144][145]. The use of healthy human donor flora implanted into the recipient patients appears to be the most complete probiotic treatment available today.…”

Section: Modulate the Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Defeating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: Exploring Alternative Therapies for a Post-Antibiotic Era

Wang

Hsieh

Powers

et al. 2020

IJMS

123

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Antibiotics are one of the greatest medical advances of the 20th century, however, they are quickly becoming useless due to antibiotic resistance that has been augmented by poor antibiotic stewardship and a void in novel antibiotic discovery. Few novel classes of antibiotics have been discovered since 1960, and the pipeline of antibiotics under development is limited. We therefore are heading for a post-antibiotic era in which common infections become untreatable and once again deadly. There is thus an emergent need for both novel classes of antibiotics and novel approaches to treatment, including the repurposing of existing drugs or preclinical compounds and expanded implementation of combination therapies. In this review, we highlight to utilize alternative drug targets/therapies such as combinational therapy, anti-regulator, anti-signal transduction, anti-virulence, anti-toxin, engineered bacteriophages, and microbiome, to defeat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Section: Modulate the Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Defeating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: Exploring Alternative Therapies for a Post-Antibiotic Era

Wang

Hsieh

Powers

et al. 2020

IJMS

123

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“…Базовая настройка иммунной системы, связанная с постоянным восприятием микробных продуктов или лигандов, подразумевает, что тонкие изменения в этом кондиционировании могут иметь долгосрочные последствия для способности хозяина вызывать системные иммунные реакции и развивать воспалительные заболевания. Механизм, лежащий в основе этого явления, остается не совсем понятным, но мы можем предположить, что сигналы, полученные от комменсальных бактерий, могут влиять на профили экспрессии генов иммунных клеток посредством эпигенетических модификаций генов, участвующих во врожденных ответах, тем самым создавая состояние транскрипции, которое обеспечивает базальную экспрессию факторов защиты хозяина и быстрое реагирование при встрече с патогенами [43].…”

Section: кишечная флора: влияние на защитные механизмы кишечникаunclassified

Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics

Plotnikova

Zakharova

2020

Medicinskij sovet

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Today, there is an explosion of discoveries related to a growing understanding of the role of microbial communities, key species of bacteria, products or metabolites derived from commensals, and in particular the relationship between some of these components and painful conditions in humans. Microbiota plays a fundamental role in the induction, training and functioning of the host’s immune system. In turn, the immune system has evolved significantly as a means of maintaining the host’s symbiotic relations with these very diverse and developing microbes. At optimal performance, this alliance of the immune system and microbiota allows to induce protective reactions to pathogens and maintain regulatory pathways involved in maintaining tolerance to harmless antigens. In this review, we outline the role of the intestinal microbiota in the immune system, starting with initial information supporting further insights into the effects of intestinal microbiota dysbacteriosis on the host’s susceptibility to infection. Probiotics are considered a good form of therapy to control harmful intestinal microorganisms, improve digestion and the absorption of nutrients. The beneficial effects of probiotics have been demonstrated in many diseases. One of the main mechanisms of probiotics is the regulation of the immune response of the host. The article reviews and discusses the regulatory role of probiotics in the “intestine-lungs” system and the immune system of mucous membranes for potential antiviral mechanisms. The unique role of probiotics in modulation of intestinal microbes and establishment of intestinal homeostasis and production of interferon as antiviral mechanism is described. In addition, the regulatory role of probiotics in the system «intestine-lungs» and the immune system of the mucous membranes for potential antiviral mechanisms, including in COVID-19 is considered and discussed. Symbiotic products Bac-Set® Forte and Bac-Set® Cold/Flu are described.

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“…Fecal microbiome largely represent the last stage of transitions of microbial communities along the GI tract, and as numerous biogeographical analyses revealed the distinction of fecal microbiome from different GI sections 2 , where important biological processes take place. Largely composed of bacteria and archaea from lumen (content), fecal microbiome also indicate poorly on the mucosal microbiome, community at the intimate interface of cross-talk with the host and especially interactions with immune systems 3, 4 . In addition, continual fecal samples are rarely taken within short intervals but mostly daily due to human physiology, which disables investigations into community dynamics with finer resolution, for instance diurnal cycles that are feasible in mouse and have already been shown to be closely linked to host physiological homeostasis 5, 6, 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction and dynamics of human intestinal microbiome observedin situ

Liu

Dai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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45Gut microbiome are studied primarily using fecal samples in humans and we gained 46 vital knowledge of compositional and functional capacities of gastro-intestinal 47 microbial communities. Yet, fecal materials limit our ability to investigate microbial 48 dynamics in different locations along GI-tract (in situ), nor in finer temporal scales as 49 they are infrequent. With a technology developed originally for fecal material 50 transplantation, colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing, we were able to sample 51 ileocecal microbiome twice daily, and carried out metagenomic as well as 52 metatranscriptomic analyses. Ileocecal and fecal microbiome are similar in 53 metagenomic profiling, yet their active genes (in metatranscriptomes) are highly 54 distinct. Both were perturbed after laxatives and then became more similar to 55 microbiome prior to treatment, demonstrating resilience as an innate property of gut 56 microbiome. Ileocecal microbiome transcriptomes sampled during day and night 57 revealed diurnal rhythmes exist in certain bacterial species and functional pathways, in 58 particular those related to short-chain fatty acid production. Lastly, metabolomic 59 analysis in fecal and urine samples mirrored the perturbance and recovery in gut 60 microbiome, indicating crucial contribution of gut microbiome to many of the key 61 metabolites involved in host health. Our study provides interesting novel insights into 62 human gut microbiome, and demonstrates the inner resilience, diurnal rhythmes and 63 potential consequences to the host. 64 65 66 (Figure 1, Figure S1). Yet those microbial species do not always occupy the majority 131 in RNA reads, rather, species Ruminococcus torques, Methanobrevibacter, 132

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Understanding immune–microbiota interactions in the intestine

Cited by 78 publications

References 130 publications

Defeating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: Exploring Alternative Therapies for a Post-Antibiotic Era

Defeating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: Exploring Alternative Therapies for a Post-Antibiotic Era

Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics

Reconstruction and dynamics of human intestinal microbiome observedin situ

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