Understanding Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Menstruation among Educated Young Adult Females in Urban and Rural Areas of Pakistan

Abstract

The primary objective of this research is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding menstruation among educated young adult females in urban and rural settings of Lahore (Pakistan). In pursuit of our research objectives, a total of six in-depth interviews were conducted with young adult females enrolled in both undergraduate and postgraduate programs within a public sector university in Lahore (Pakistan). The collected data underwent meticulous analysis utilizing a thematic approach. The study's findings highlighted the lack of sufficient knowledge among females upon the onset of menarche. Primary sources of information included mothers and elderly sisters; however, open discussions are frequently evaded or postponed on maintaining hygiene during the monthly cycles. Further, cultural, societal norms and religious considerations significantly influenced the imposition of restrictions and practices related to menstruation among females. The research elucidated the experiences of young females as they reflected on their initial encounters, and highlighted the challenges faced including religious and social constraints during menstruation in local settings. The study strongly advocated for the compulsory integration of sex education for both girls and boys at the adolescence stage in Pakistan, based on the identified gaps in knowledge and practices.