“…socioeconomic, political, technological, natural, cultural, direct, and indirect (Bi cík & Kupkov a, 2013;Brandt, Primdahl, & Reenberg, 1999;Bürgi, Hersperger, & Schneeberger, 2004;Hersperger, Gennaio, Verburg, & Bürgi, 2010). In this study, driving forces have been divided into large-scale driving forces (affecting the landscape from the international or national perspective), and small-scale driving forces (which are very explicit and, for the most part, area-specific) (Milanova, Himiyama, & Bi cík, 2005).…”