Understanding Mode I interlaminar toughening of unidirectional CFRP laminates interleaved with aligned ultrathin CNT fiber veils: Thickness and orientation effects

Ou, Yunfu; Wu, Longqiang; Yi, Xiaosu; Mao, Dongsheng

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110578

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The mode I toughening efficiency of laminates is highly sensitive to the structure characteristic of CNT interleaves [15,16], such as thickness [17], morphology [18,19], orientation [17,20], and distribution [14,19]. In previous research, various forms of CNTs like carbon nanotube veils [21], carbon nanotube films [22], and buckpaper [23,24] have been used as toughening layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing Interlaminar Fracture Toughness in Bidirectional GFRP through Controlled CNT Heterogeneous Toughening

Zhao,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“Interleaving” is widely used for interlaminar toughening of fiber-reinforced composites, and the structure of interleaving is one of the important factors affecting the toughening efficiency of laminates. Several experiments have demonstrated that compared to continuous and dense structures, toughening layers with structural heterogeneity can trigger multiple toughening mechanisms and have better toughening effects. On this basis, this work further investigates the application of heterogeneous toughening phases in interlaminar toughening of bidirectional GFRP. CNT was selected to construct toughening phases, which was introduced into the interlaminar of composites through efficient spraying methods. By controlling the amount of CNT, various structures of CNT toughening layers were obtained. The fracture toughness of modified laminates was tested, and their toughening mechanism was analyzed based on fracture surface observation. The results indicate that the optimal CNT usage (0.5 gsm) can increase the initial and extended values of interlayer fracture toughness by 136.0% and 82.0%, respectively. The solvent acetone sprayed with CNT can dissolve and re-precipitate a portion of the sizing agent on the surface of the fibers, which improves the bonding of the fibers to the resin. More importantly, larger discrete particles are formed between the layers, guiding the cracks to deflect in the orientation of the toughened layer. This generates additional energy dissipation and ultimately presents an optimal toughening effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing Interlaminar Fracture Toughness in Bidirectional GFRP through Controlled CNT Heterogeneous Toughening

Zhao,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…In most of the hybrid veils interleaved composites, a multi-scale toughening mechanism such as extrinsic and intrinsic toughening was reported, but the processing of these veils is quite difficult compared to microfiber veil interleaving [27]. Furthermore, the type of base reinforcement, fiber dispersion, fiber length, binders used to form veils, and the areal density of interleaving materials have a substantial influence on interlaminar fracture toughness [29][30][31][32][33][34]. Beylergil et al [30] conducted a study to examine the impact of different areal densities (17 and 50 g/m 2 ) of polyamide-66 (PA 66) nonwoven veils on fracture toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleaving Carbon-Glass Veil in Glass Epoxy Composite for Improved Mode-I Fracture Toughness – A Hybrid Approach

Uppin,

Gouda,

Sridhar

et al. 2024

Frattura Ed Integrità Strutturale

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The present study investigates the influence of hybrid interleaving technique using Glass and Carbon veils to improve the mode-I fracture toughness in Glass epoxy laminates. Commercially available non-woven Carbon and Glass veils with different areal densities were used to develop hybrid interleaved composites. Two approaches of interleaving, namely inter-ply and inter-weaved veils, were followed to manufacture the interleaved composite laminates using the hand layup technique. Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) samples were tested to estimate the interlaminar fracture toughness (IFT). Test results indicate that the inter-ply interleaved composite (I-C30G30) exhibited an improved initial and propagation fracture toughness of about 16.98% and 3.08%, respectively. A decreased IFT during initiation and propagation was observed for I-C15G30 and I-C20G30 when compared to plain samples. In case of inter-weaved veil interleaving approach, an improved fracture toughness (GIC and GIP) of about 7.96% and 12.94%, respectively, was observed for W-C15G30 sample, nevertheless W-C20G30 and W-C30G30 showed a drop in fracture toughness (GIC) of an about 12.15% and 9.22%, respectively, and an improvement in fracture toughness (GIP) of about 12.37% and 13.82%, respectively, when compared to plain sample. Scanning electron photo images (SEPI) of cracked laminates witnessed the fracture mechanisms involved in hybrid ply interleaved and non-interleaved composite laminates.

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“…Along with advanced airplane materials, potential applications of CF are: CO 2 capture for reducing climate change [ 1 ]; battery electrodes applied to EVs [ 2 ]; and advancement of utilizations for thermally conductive carbon-reinforced composites [ 3 ]. Besides CF [ 4 , 5 ], several types of carbon reinforcements have been used, including: carbon nanotubes [ 6 , 7 ], carbon nanofibers [ 8 ], graphite, graphene, carbon black [ 9 ], and ultrathin carbon nanotube (CNT) veils to enhance interlaminar toughness [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…nanotubes [6,7], carbon nanofibers [8], graphite, graphene, carbon black [9], and ultrathin carbon nanotube (CNT) veils to enhance interlaminar toughness [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Strengthening Process for Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyphenylene Sulfide (CFRTP-PPS) Interlayered Composite by Electron Beam Irradiation to PPS Prior to Lamination Assembly and Hot Press

et al. 2023

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Impact by hailstone, volcanic rock, bird strike, or also dropping tools can cause damage to aircraft materials. For maximum safety, the goal is to increase Charpy impact strength (auc) of a carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyphenylene sulfide polymer (CFRTP-PPS) composite for potential application to commercial aircraft parts. The layup was three cross-weave CF plies alternating between four PPS plies, [PPS-CF-PPS-CF-PPS-CF-PPS], designated [PPS]4[CF]3. To strengthen, a new process for CFRP-PPS was employed applying homogeneous low voltage electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) to both sides of PPS plies prior to lamination assembly with untreated CF, followed by hot press under 4.0 MPa at 573 K for 8 min. Experimental results showed a 5 kGy HLEBI dose was at or near optimum, increasing auc at each accumulative probability, Pf. Optical microscopy of 5 kGy sample showed a reduction in main crack width with significantly reduced CF separation and pull-out; while, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDS) mapping showed PPS adhering to CF. Electron spin resonance (ESR) of a 5 kGy sample indicated lengthening of PPS chains as evidenced by a reduction in dangling bond peak. It Is assumed that 5 kGy HLEBI creates strong bonds at the interface while strengthening the PPS bulk. A model is proposed to illustrate the possible strengthening mechanism.

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Understanding Mode I interlaminar toughening of unidirectional CFRP laminates interleaved with aligned ultrathin CNT fiber veils: Thickness and orientation effects

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Maximizing Interlaminar Fracture Toughness in Bidirectional GFRP through Controlled CNT Heterogeneous Toughening

Maximizing Interlaminar Fracture Toughness in Bidirectional GFRP through Controlled CNT Heterogeneous Toughening

Interleaving Carbon-Glass Veil in Glass Epoxy Composite for Improved Mode-I Fracture Toughness – A Hybrid Approach

A New Strengthening Process for Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyphenylene Sulfide (CFRTP-PPS) Interlayered Composite by Electron Beam Irradiation to PPS Prior to Lamination Assembly and Hot Press

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