Understanding of Bath Surface Wave in Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Furnace

Shui, Lang; Cui, Zhixiang; Ma, Xiaodong; Rhamdhani, M. Akbar; Nguyen, Anh V.; Zhao, Baojun

doi:10.1007/s11663-015-0466-z

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…At present, the gas-liquid flow in bottom blown copper furnace have been studied by scholars using numerical simulation [6,7,8,9] and water model experiments [10,11,12]. These studies provide a good theoretical basis for the design of the bottom blow nozzle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow and Mixing Behavior in a New Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Furnace

Shao

Jiang

2019

IJMS

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A mathematical model was developed to describe gas–liquid flow and mixing behavior in a new bottom blown oxygen copper smelting furnace, and the model validation was carried out through a water model experiment. The effects of different nozzle locations, nozzle numbers, and gas flow rates on the gas–liquid flow, gas total volume, and mixing efficiency were investigated. The results show that the gas–liquid two-phase flow and mixing time predicted by the present model agree well with the experimental data. When the nozzles are located near the center of the bath bottom, the gas total volume is larger, but the mixing efficiency is very low. With the increase of nozzle arrangement angle, the mixing time decreased. However, the excessive angle arrangement of nozzles exceeding 21° was found to be detrimental to the bubble residence time and mixing efficiency. With the increase in nozzle numbers from nine to 13, the gas total volume in the furnace increases, and the mixing efficiency does not change greatly. When the number of nozzles is further increased to 18, the mixing efficiency begins to decrease significantly. As the gas flow rate increases from 4.7 m3/h to 14.1 m3/h, the gas total volume in the furnace increases, and the mixing time is rapidly reduced from 314.5 s to 251.5 s. When the gas flow rate exceeds 18.8 m3/h, the gas total volume and mixing efficiency change little.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow and Mixing Behavior in a New Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Furnace

Shao

Jiang

2019

IJMS

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“…Shui et al [14,15] studied the bath surface wave and mixing phenomena in a SKS furnace. Zhang et al [16] and Yan et al [17] studied gas-liquid multi-phase flows in a SKS furnace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Mechanism and Distribution Behavior of Arsenic in the Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Process

Wang

Guo

Tian

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:The control of arsenic, a toxic and carcinogenic element, is an important issue for all copper smelters. In this work, the reaction mechanism and distribution behavior of arsenic in the bottom blown copper smelting process (SKS process) were investigated and compared to the flash smelting process. There are obvious differences of arsenic distribution in the SKS process and flash process, resulting from the differences of oxygen potentials, volatilizations, smelting temperatures, reaction intensities, and mass transfer processes. Under stable production conditions, the distributions of arsenic among matte, slag, and gas phases are 6%, 12%, and 82%, respectively. Less arsenic is reported in the gas phase with the flash process than with the SKS process. The main arsenic species in gas phase are AsS (g), AsO (g), and As 2 (g). Arsenic exists in the slag predominantly as As 2 O 3 (l), and in matte as As (l). High matte grade is harmful to the elimination of arsenic to gas. The changing of Fe/SiO 2 has slight effects on the distributions of arsenic. In order to enhance the removal of arsenic from the SKS smelting system to the gas phase, low oxygen concentration, low ratios of oxygen/ore, and low matte grade should be chosen. In the SKS smelting process, no dust is recycled, and almost all dust is collected and further treated to eliminate arsenic and recover valuable metals by other process streams.

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“…Chen et al [8] studied the slag chemistry of the bottom blown copper smelting furnace at Dongying Fangyuan, and analyzed the copper losses in the industrial smelting slags. Shui et al [9,10] studied the bath surface wave and mixing phenomena in the bottom blown copper smelting furnace, and provided a better understanding of the blowing patterns. Liu et al [11,12] studied the phase equilibria of the ZnO-"FeO"-SiO 2 system and ZnO-"FeO"-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 system at Po 2 10 −8 atm (10 −3 Pa), which is close to the SKS smelting condition, and found that the presence of ZnO or Al 2 O 3 in the slag significantly increased the liquidus temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Matte Grade on the Distribution of Minor Elements (Pb, Zn, As, Sb, and Bi) in the Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Process

Wang

Guo

Tian

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:With increasing impurity contents in concentrates, the control of the minor elements is an important issue for the oxygen bottom blown copper smelting process (Shuikoushan process or SKS process). In this work, the distribution behaviors of the minor elements (such as Pb, Zn, As, Sb, and Bi) among the matte, slag, and gas phases as a function of matte grades was investigated by adjusting the ratios of oxygen/ore in the SKS process. With a matte grade around 70%, about 82% As and 70% Bi enters the gas phase, and about 70% Sb and 64% Zn reports to the slag phase, while 55% lead enters the matte phase. The tendency of changes in the distribution of the minor elements in the SKS process is different from that in the Isasmelt process and the Flash smelting process. It may be concluded from this study that the distributions of the minor elements could be optimized to reduce adverse effects in the SKS process by regulating the matte grade.

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Understanding of Bath Surface Wave in Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Furnace

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Flow and Mixing Behavior in a New Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Furnace

Flow and Mixing Behavior in a New Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Furnace

Reaction Mechanism and Distribution Behavior of Arsenic in the Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Process

Effects of Matte Grade on the Distribution of Minor Elements (Pb, Zn, As, Sb, and Bi) in the Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Process

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