Understanding of Immune Escape Mechanisms and Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract

Tumor immune escape has emerged as the most significant barrier to cancer therapy. A thorough understanding of tumor immune escape therapy mechanisms is critical for further improving clinical treatment strategies. Currently, research indicates that combining several immunotherapies can boost antitumor efficacy and encourage T cells to play a more active part in the immune assault. To generate a more substantial therapeutic impact, it can establish an ideal tumor microenvironment (TME), encourage T cells to play a role, prevent T cell immune function reversal, and minimize tumor immune tolerance. In this review, we will examine the mechanisms of tumor immune escape and the limits of tumor immune escape therapy, focusing on the current development of immunotherapy based on tumor immune escape mechanisms. Individualized tumor treatment is becoming increasingly apparent as future treatment strategies. In addition, we forecast the future research direction of cancer and the clinical approach for cancer immunotherapy. It will serve as a better reference for researchers working in cancer therapy research.

Immunotherapy: cancer immunotherapy and its combination with nanomaterials and other therapies

“…Therefore, combined immunotherapy and cancer customization are likely to be the future approaches for clinical oncology therapy. 178 Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the most preferred therapy in cancer treatment.…”

“…Therefore, combined immunotherapy and cancer customization are likely to be the future approaches for clinical oncology therapy. 178…”

Application Perspectives of Nanomedicine in Cancer Treatment

“…In recent years, immunotherapy has developed rapidly and gradually matured, and its emergence has revolutionized the treatment standard and treatment concept of cancer ( Abdelbaky et al, 2021 ; Aktar et al, 2022 ). Radiotherapy and chemotherapy of traditional treatment methods generally use toxic drugs or radiation to directly ablate cancer cells.…”

Recent advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-small lung cancer treatment

“…Earlier studies show that immunotherapeutic drugs were not much effective against lung cancer, so the scientist thought that lung cancer is not dependent on our immune system ( 14 ). But recent research suggests that lung cancer can destroy our immune system in a variety of ways including the release of inhibitory cytokines, by reduction of chemicals that restrict the stimulation of T cells and by the disruption of major histocompatibility complex antigen expression ( 15 ). Nowadays, immunotherapeutic pathways are employed to treat and reduce harmful effects on already treated patients having lung cancer.…”