Understanding of the geological and geodynamic controls on the formation of the South China Sea: A numerical modelling approach

Xia, Bin; Zhang, Y.; Cui, Xuejun; Liu, B.M.; Xie, Jun; Zhang, S.L.; Ge, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.jog.2006.06.001

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It has been widely used to simulate rock deformation (Xia et al, 2006) and solve structural geology problems (Hobbs et al, 1990;Ord, 1991;Zhang et al, 1996b;Zhang et al, 1996c;Zhang et al, 2000;Strayer et al, 2001). For example, Ord (1991) simulated the uniaxial compression deformation of Gosford sandstone and demonstrated that the stress-strain relationships from the FLAC numerical models for several different confining pressures are consistent with those reported from an experimental work (Edmond and Paterson, 1972).…”

Section: Numerical Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Each grid is assigned material properties, such as density and elastic moduli, and behaves according to a prescribed linear or nonlinear stress/ strain law in response to the applied forces or boundary restraints (Itasca, 2005;Xia et al, 2006). The material can yield and flow, and the grid can deform in large-strain mode and move with the material that is represented.…”

Section: Numerical Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An elastic-viscous rheology material exhibits both viscous and elastic behaviors (Itasca, 2005). It is equivalent to a combination of an elastic element and a Newtonian viscous element in series (Turcotte and Schubert, 1982;Ranalli, 1987), in which the instantaneous elastic response and the viscous deformation are coupled (Xia et al, 2006). The total strain ( ) is the sum of the elastic strain ( ) and viscous strain ( ),…”

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vermeer and DeBorst (1984) report laboratory test results for sand and concrete that match well with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. A Mohr-Coulomb elastic-plastic material undergoing deformation behaves initially elastically until the stress reaches a critical value known as the yield stress, at which point it begins to deform plastically, and irreversibly, to high strain (Xia et al, 2006). The yield of such material may be expressed as a yield function f , given by (4) where is the maximum shear stress, is the mean stress, is the friction angle and is the cohesion.…”

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The yield of such material may be expressed as a yield function f , given by (4) where is the maximum shear stress, is the mean stress, is the friction angle and is the cohesion. The material is in an elastic state if < 0 (the stress state is not touching the yield surface), and is in a plastic state if = 0 (the stress state is touching the yield surface) (Xia et al, 2006). Detailed information on using the Mohr-Coulomb elastic-plastic materials to simulate deformation in thrust wedge can be found in Strayer et al (2001).…”

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The geological and geodynamic condition on the formation of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure: Based on FLAC numerical modelling

Zhang¹,

Dong²

2016

Earth sci. res. j.

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The Dabashan thrust nappe structure at the southern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt suffered at least two stages of evolution which are Late Triassic plate subduction collisional orogeny between North China block, Qinling micro-plate and Yangtze block followed by intracontinental orogeny since the Meso-Cenozoic. A prominent topography characteristic within the Dabashan area is a southwestward extrusive arc (Bashan Arc fault) that is one of key factors to understand the geodynamic condition of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure.In this work, two-dimensional plan-view models are constructed to simulate the collisional and intracontinental orogenic movements, and the factors that may control the formation of the Bashan Arc fault are analysed. The modelling results show that the compressive stress produced by the plates collision along both north and south boundaries is the main driving force. The dextral shearing derived from the inconsistent shape on the block margins is the main controller. Rigid tectonic units such as Bikou and Hanan-Micangshan terranes, Foping and Wudang domes, as well as Shennongjia-Huangling anticline also contribute as "anchor" effects. Additionally, the rheology properties of rock material in the Dabashan area affect the shape of the arc.La estructura de la falla de cabalgamiento de las montañas Dabashan en el margen sur del cinturón orogénico de Qinling sufrió por lo menos dos etapas de evolución, la colisión orogénica del Triásico Superior entre el bloque de la China del Norte, la microplaca de Qinling y el bloque Yangtze, y la orogénesis intracontinental desde el Meso-Cenozoico. Una característica topográfica prominente del área de Dabashan es un arco extrusivo (falla Arco de Bashan) hacia el suroeste, que es un factor determinante para entender la condición geodinámica de la falla de cabalgamiento en las montañas Dabashan. En este trabajo se construyeron modelos bidimensionales planos para simular los movimientos de colisión e intracontinental orogénicos y se analizaron los factores que podrían controlar la formación de la falla del Arco de Bashan. Los resultados del modelado muestran que el esfuerzo de compresión producido por las placas de colisión en los límites norte y sur es la principal fuerza impulsora de la falla. La principal controladora es la fuerza de cizallamiento dextral derivada de la forma inconsistente en los margenes del bloque. Las unidades tectónicas rígidas como los terrenos Bikou y HananMicangshan, el domo Foping y Wudang, al igual que el anticlinal Shennongjia-Huangling tienen funciones de ancla. Adicionalmente, las propiedades reológicas del material rocoso en el área Dabashan afectan la forma del arco. Condición geológica y geodinámica para la formación estructural de la falla de cabalgamiento en las montañas Dabashan basada en el modelo numérico del software FLAC B2 Xiaoning Zhang and Yunpeng Dong. ABSTRACT RESUMEN

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Section: Numerical Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Numerical Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The geological and geodynamic condition on the formation of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure: Based on FLAC numerical modelling

Zhang¹,

Dong²

2016

Earth sci. res. j.

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Pn tomography of South China Sea, Taiwan Island, Philippine archipelago, and adjacent regions

Song

2017

JGR Solid Earth

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The South China Sea (SCS) and its surrounding areas are geologically highly heterogeneous from the interactions of multiple plates in Southeast Asia (Eurasian plate, Indian‐Australian plate, Philippine Sea plate, and Pacific plate). To understand the tectonics at depth, here we combined bulletin and handpicked data to conduct Pn tomography of the region. The results show distinct features that are correlated with the complex geology at surface, suggesting a lithosphere‐scale tectonics of the region. Low Pn velocities are found along a belt of the western Pacific transpressional system from the Okinawa Trough and eastern East China Sea, across central and eastern Taiwan orogeny, to the island arcs of the Luzon Strait and the entire Philippine Islands, as well as under the Palawan Island and part of the continental margin north of the Pearl River Basin. High velocities are found under Ryukyu subduction zone, part of the Philippine subduction zone, part of the Eurasian subduction beneath the southwestern Taiwan, and the continent‐ocean boundary between the south China and the SCS basin. The Taiwan Strait, the Mainland SE coast, and the main SCS basin sea are relatively uniform with average Pn values. Crustal thicknesses show large variations in the study region but also coherency with tectonic elements. The Pn pattern in Taiwan shows linear trends of surface geology and suggests strongly lithosphere‐scale deformation of the young Taiwan orogenic belt marked by the deformation boundary under the Western Foothill and the Western Coastal Plain at depth, and the crustal thickness shows a complex pattern from the transpressional collision. Our observations are consistent with rifting and extension in the northern margin of the SCS but are not consistent with mantle upwelling as a mechanism for the opening and the subsequent closing of the SCS. The Philippine island arc is affected by volcanisms from both the Asian and Philippine Sea subductions in the south but mainly from the Asian subduction in the north and under the Luzon Strait.

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Crustal P‐Wave Velocity Structure and Layering Beneath Zhujiangkou–Qiongdongnan Basins in the Northern Continental Margin of South China Sea

Zhang

Yifeng

Su-Fang

et al. 2009

Chinese J of Geophysics

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Based on the stacking velocity spectrum data of 14 near‐vertical deep reflection profiles in the deep waters of Zhujiangkou–Qiongdongnan basins along the northern continental margin of South China Sea, we use the Dix formula to transform the stacking velocities into corresponding crust interval velocities (in TWT domain) and construct the crustal velocity structure in depth domain by time‐depth transformation. Integrating all the velocity profiles we analyze the spatial variation of P wave velocity at different depths and the stratified geometry of crust in the Zhujiangkou and Qiongdongnan basins in the continental margin of northern South China Sea. The result indicates that the crust of Qiongdongnan basin can be divided into a 4~8 km thick sediment layer (Vp is 1.7~4.7 km/s), a 4~10 km thick upper crust layer (Vp is 5.2~6.3 km/s), a lower‐crust layer about 5 km thick (Vp is 6.4~7.0 km/s), and a high‐velocity lower‐crust bottom layer about 2~6 km thick (Vp > 7.0 km/s). The existence of the high‐velocity lower crust layer can be considered as the seismological signature of underplating at the lower crust bottom induced by lithosphere extension in South China and its continental margin, or the residual mafic layer of the original Cathaysia lower crust. Synthesizing the available geophysical sounding results we construct the images of Moho and the lithosphere bottom across the continent of South China and the continental slope of South China Sea, which reveals the lithosphere thinning in continental South China and the northern continental margin of South China Sea.

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Understanding of the geological and geodynamic controls on the formation of the South China Sea: A numerical modelling approach

Cited by 38 publications

References 49 publications

The geological and geodynamic condition on the formation of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure: Based on FLAC numerical modelling

The geological and geodynamic condition on the formation of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure: Based on FLAC numerical modelling

Pn tomography of South China Sea, Taiwan Island, Philippine archipelago, and adjacent regions

Crustal P‐Wave Velocity Structure and Layering Beneath Zhujiangkou–Qiongdongnan Basins in the Northern Continental Margin of South China Sea

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