Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Multifactorial Endocrine Disorder

Sukul, Surankita; Ramesh, P.; Agasti, Narahari

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2021/51241.15539

Cited by 4 publications

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“…PCOS is recognized as one of the most common endocrinopathies affecting women of reproductive age, causing infertility and linked to a wide range of chronic cardiovascular and metabolic issues, resulting in 0.43 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) (31). PCOS is a multifactorial disease, that not only includes genetic agents, but also environmental, metabolic, and endocrine factors (32). The high prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central fat with an estimation of 75% among PCOS women indicates the important role of environmental factors which are directly associated with lifestyle habits (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of the Portfolio Low-Carbohydrate Diet versus the Ketogenic Diet on Anthropometric Indices, Metabolic Status, and Hormonal Levels in Overweight or Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sharifi,

Moludi,

Salimi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. It is believed that excessive androgen production is primarily caused by hyperinsulinemia, making it the main factor in the development of PCOS. The portfolio low-carbohydrate diet (PLCD) is a plant-based diet with a carbohydrate content of 40% and incorporates five cholesterol-lowering foods. While, the ketogenic diet is a high-fat diet that 70% of its calories come from fat, promoting a ketosis state. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study compared the therapeutic effects of these two diets in PCOS patients. Thus, this study aimed to compare the impact of PLCD and KD on anthropometric indices, metabolic status, and hormonal levels in overweight or obese women with PCOS. Methods This randomized clinical trial was conducted on forty-six overweight or obese women diagnosed with PCOS. Participants were randomly allocated into either the PLCD or the KD group for 8 weeks. The anthropometric indices including body mass index (BMI), fat body mass (FBM), and waist circumference (WC), as well as metabolic markers including fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and plasma lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), were measured. Reproductive hormones including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone, as well as Ferriman Gallwey score were assessed at the baseline and after the intervention. Results After 8 weeks, both diets demonstrated enhancements in anthropometric, metabolic, and reproductive hormonal status. However, the mean difference in weight reduction, BMI, WC, FBG, HOMA-IR, LH, and FSH was significantly greater in the KD group than in the PLCD group (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, plasma lipid profiles including TC, LDL, and HDL indicated more improvement in the PLCD compared to the KD group. There were no significant changes in the Ferriman-Gallwey score within or between the two groups. Conclusions The study findings revealed that both the PLCD and the KD diets were effective in improving PCOS manifestations. However, the KD exhibited greater effectiveness in enhancing body measurements, metabolic factors, and hormone levels compared to the PLCD in women with PCOS. Registration number of Clinical Trial: IRCT20200912048693N3, Trial registered 2022–12–14. https://www.irct.ir/trial/67548

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of the Portfolio Low-Carbohydrate Diet versus the Ketogenic Diet on Anthropometric Indices, Metabolic Status, and Hormonal Levels in Overweight or Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sharifi,

Moludi,

Salimi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Modulation of GABA by sodium butyrate ameliorates hypothalamic inflammation in experimental model of PCOS

Eepho,

Bashir,

Oniyide

et al. 2023

BMC Neurosci

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a known endocrine disorder that has affected many women of childbearing age, and is accompanied by various neurodegenerative conditions. Hence, this study investigates the impact of butyrate in reversing hypothalamic-related disorder, possibly through γ aminobutyric acid (GABA) in a rat model of PCOS. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were allotted into four groups (n = 5), which include control, butyrate, letrozole, and letrozole + butyrate groups. PCOS was induced by administering 1 mg/kg of letrozole (oral gavage) for 21 days. After confirmation of PCOS, 200 mg/kg of butyrate (oral gavage) was administered for 6 weeks. Rats with PCOS were characterized by elevated levels of plasma insulin and testosterone. Increases in plasma and hypothalamic triglyceride levels, inflammatory biomarker (SDF-1), apoptotic marker (caspase-6), and decreased plasma GnRH were observed. Additionally, a decrease in hypothalamic GABA was revealed. Nevertheless, the administration of butyrate attenuated these alterations. The present study suggests that butyrate ameliorates hypothalamic inflammation in an experimental model of PCOS, a beneficial effect that is accompanied by enhanced GABA production.

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The effects of portfolio moderate-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets on anthropometric indices, metabolic status, and hormonal levels in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Sharifi,

Saber,

Moludi

et al. 2024

Nutr J

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Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders in reproductive-age women caused by hyperinsulinemia. The portfolio Moderate-carbohydrate diet (PMCD) is a plant-based diet with a carbohydrate content of 40% and incorporates five cholesterol-lowering foods. While, the ketogenic diet is a high-fat diet with 70% fat, promoting a ketosis state. To the best of our knowledge, no study compared the therapeutic effects of these two diets in PCOS patients. Thus, this study aimed to compare the impact of PLCD and KD on anthropometric indices, metabolic status, and hormonal levels in overweight or obese women with PCOS. Methods This open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted on forty-six PCOS women. 21 women in PMCD and 19 in the KD group completed the study. The anthropometric indices including body mass index (BMI) and fat body mass (FBM), metabolic markers (fasting blood glucose (FBG)) and plasma lipid profiles including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were measured. Reproductive hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-s) and free testosterone were assessed at the baseline and after the intervention. Results However, after 8 weeks both diets demonstrated enhancement in anthropometric indices (BMI, FBM, lean body mass), metabolic status (FBG, insulin serum levels), and reproductive hormones such as LH, free testosterone, and DHEA-s. The mean difference in the KD improved more than the PMCD in the field of BMI reduction (MD (SD) 2.73 (0.351) vs. MD (SD) 1.71 (0.775)) and LH (MD 4.13 (1.375) vs.MD 2.46 (1.105)). Nevertheless, the lipid profile including LDL-C and triglycerides improved more in the PMCD compared to the KD (MD 33.95 (7.345) vs. MD 23.34 (14.136)) and (MD 38.20 (10.757) vs. MD 57.62 (21.688)) respectively. There were no significant changes in the Ferriman-Gallwey score within or between the two groups. Conclusion The findings revealed that both diets were effective in improving PCOS manifestations. However, the KD exhibited greater effectiveness in enhancing body measurements, metabolic factors, and reproductive hormone levels compared to the PMCD in obese PCOS women. Furthermore, PMCD could be more beneficial for PCOS women with lipide disorders. Registration number of clinical trial IRCT20200912048693N3, Trial registered 2022–12–14. https://www.irct.ir/trial/67548

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Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Multifactorial Endocrine Disorder

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The Effects of the Portfolio Low-Carbohydrate Diet versus the Ketogenic Diet on Anthropometric Indices, Metabolic Status, and Hormonal Levels in Overweight or Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The Effects of the Portfolio Low-Carbohydrate Diet versus the Ketogenic Diet on Anthropometric Indices, Metabolic Status, and Hormonal Levels in Overweight or Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Modulation of GABA by sodium butyrate ameliorates hypothalamic inflammation in experimental model of PCOS

The effects of portfolio moderate-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets on anthropometric indices, metabolic status, and hormonal levels in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

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