Understanding SARS-CoV-2: Genetic Diversity, Transmission and Cure in Human

Abstract

As the SARS-CoV-2 virus race around the world across the different population, there needs to be a consolidated effort to understand the divergence of demographically distributed strains. The emerging trends in SARS-CoV-2 genome data show specific mutation and genetic diversity, which could provide the basis to develop a cocktail of vaccine and may also be used to develop the region-specific diagnostic tool, thus decreasing the chances of testing failures in fields. Since the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is subject to the extent of human interaction, the insights from the correlation of genetic diversity with epidemiological parameter would give paramount information to tackle this transmission. Previously, studies have also correlated the epidemiological data with gut microbiome and its role in immunomodulation for maintaining health status, and such information could be generated from recovered individuals from different demographic regions. It will help in designing a probiotic-based diet for modulation of the gut microbiome, and that could be another plausible prophylactic treatment option. The genomics data suggest that a specific variant of SARS-CoV-2 gets enriched with the specific demographic region. Overall, demographic data suggests that host influences mutation and expression of the virus. Hence, the experiences from the clinical intervention for that region should be considered in control and treatment strategies.

Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome

“…The immediate strategy to curb the spread of this virus has been to recommend that people carry out a "social vaccination," which involves restricting social gatherings, minimizing public appearances, telecommuting, implementing social distancing, or wear masks as much as possible. This is based on the high transmission ability of the SARS-CoV-2 via large respiratory droplets 4 and by airborne routes. 5 Unlike other viruses in the coronavirus family, SARS-CoV-2 infects people who then have little or no symptoms.…”

Deploying Biomolecules as Anti-COVID-19 Agents

“…COVID-19 (previously labelled as 2019-nCoV) is the main causative organism responsible for acute pneumonia. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of genetically distinct viruses, which originated from broad ranges of hosts, including animal and bird species, and primarily cause respiratory and intestinal infections to humans and animals [1,[5][6][7][8]. In 2002-2003, CoVs surfaced as a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) with cases of 'atypical pneumonia' in China and Hong Kong [9].…”

“…In the recent outbreak of COVID-19, with possible transmission from bats, initially had shown pneumonia-like symptoms with unspecified etiology [10]. COVID-19 infected person showed flu-like symptoms with fever, cough, headache, muscular soreness, and dyspnea with an incubation period of about 2-24 days [1,5,7]. In a few cases, patients exhibited atypical symptoms, including vomiting and diarrhea.…”

“…COVID-19 has exhibited a much higher infection than SARS or MERS cases. Initially, to minimize the global spread after cases in China various approaches such as airport screening and traveling restrictions were largely implemented in a few countries [1,16]. Due to the asymptomatic behavior of COVID-19 such as a longer incubation period suggested that quick tracking of the infected person is essential for limiting the human-to-human transmissions.…”

“…In the nineteenth century, influenza and cholera have been striking a human being quite frequently causing millions of deaths (https:// www.who.int/). The emergence of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, renamed as COVID-19) in 2019 from Wuhan, China has led to a global crisis and it has been declared as a pandemic emergency by World Health Organization (WHO) due to its fast rate of transmission among human beings [1,2]. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits unique spiked protein (S glycoprotein) and belongs to the family of Coronaviridae [3].…”