Understanding spectator sustainable transportation intentions in international sport tourism events

Abstract

It is vital to study spectator responses to environmental campaigns to advance environmental sustainability initiatives. Therefore, this investigation aimed to identify which factors influence spectator sustainable transport intentions and perform a spectator segmentation based on their responses. Data were collected from 355 spectators at an international surfing event hosted in a renowned surfing destination. The data were analysed in two stages. First, through the sport sustainability campaign evaluation model to infer spectator sustainable transport intentions. Second, through non-hierarchical cluster analysis, to segment the sample based on those intentions. The results added a direct relationship between the points of attachment and sustainable transport intentions. Furthermore, the results highlighted the effect of constraints, points of attachment and past sustainable behaviours as predictors of spectator sustainable transport intentions. In addition, differences in needs (i.e., aesthetic), attachment to the community, lack of time, lack of access and past sustainable behaviours were found within the three analysed clusters. Organisers of sport tourism events should develop sustainable transport campaigns promoting the destination's aesthetic features, strengthening the connection between the local community and the event spectators, and improving the availability of information on transport services to increase spectator commitment to more sustainable modes of transport.

Portugal nautical stations: Strategic alliances for sport tourism and environmental sustainability

“…This way, by one side, it is important a high dregee of training of the managers in the environmental items, as they influence several actors and practices; by the other side, the providers in sport tourism must be informed about sport tourists behaviors in order to create clear explanations about the activities and their rules so negative impacts may be minimized (Perić et al, 2016 ) and benefits may be maximized whenever it is possible (min-max approach). It is also important to raise the awareness of the actors involved in the offer of nautical tourism to the need to create more benign alternatives for the environment, and to communicate and promote them in an effective and persuasive way, anticipating the factors that will influence their adoption by sport tourism consumers (Martins et al, 2021 ; Mascarenhas et al, 2021 ). Nautical stations are based in water/outdoor sports, mainly helded in natural spaces, and therefore, consumers and providers must be aware of the variables that can damage the environment.…”

“…In this sense, Hsiao ( 2018 ) has already recommended for the implementation of the environmental sustainability of the different products and services of nautical tourism, the operationalization and dissemination of more environmentally friendly choices in other areas of the tourism offer, namely, transport. The specification of sport services, taking into account the characteristics of consumers for the adoption of more sustainable behaviors, is important for the implementation of more ecological services, such as the inclusion of sustainable transport alternatives (Martins et al, 2021 ; Mascarenhas et al, 2021 ). In this sense, it is of great importance to promote these services given the fact that sport consumers are influenced by a greater aesthetic need and a stronger connection to the local community when considering using sustainable transport in the context of sport tourism (Martins et al, 2021 ).…”

“…The specification of sport services, taking into account the characteristics of consumers for the adoption of more sustainable behaviors, is important for the implementation of more ecological services, such as the inclusion of sustainable transport alternatives (Martins et al, 2021 ; Mascarenhas et al, 2021 ). In this sense, it is of great importance to promote these services given the fact that sport consumers are influenced by a greater aesthetic need and a stronger connection to the local community when considering using sustainable transport in the context of sport tourism (Martins et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Sustainable transportation 3 trend of implementing the environmental practices identified in the context of sport tourism, namely, the prevalence of environmental education and awareness actions (Mascarenhas et al, 2021) but little attention given to the implementation of the sustainable transport (Martins et al, 2021;Mascarenhas et al, 2021). Practices in terms of environmental education are mentioned by most of the EN in the study, namely through "awareness actions on sustainable tourism and environmental protection" both for the network partners and for local communities, as well as for the customers of the NS (e.g., NS2, NS4, NS6, NS7, and NS14), namely: "awareness-raising actions on sustainable tourism and environmental protection" (NS2); "awareness-raising and information activities, dedicated in particular to these issues (among which the effects of climate change, the presence of plastics in the oceans and the threat of protected species gain increasing expression" (NS4); "environmental awareness actions among network partners" (NS6); "creation of the Environmental Guide for sailors, whose objectives are: to improve environmental quality, safety, educate the youngest and participate in the preservation of natural resources" (NS7); and "develop and promote educational programs that encourage good practices in schools" (NS14).…”

The design of contextual domain tourism sports through traditional sports in jayapura indonesia

“…Because the implementation of sport tourism requires collaborative youth and sports services, related agencies, the community and involves the mass media as a promotional area (Šuligoj & Kennell, 2022, p. 424). In organizing Sport tourism, organizers must involve the local community, government and tourists so as to strengthen relationships and make the event sustainable (Martins et al, 2022(Martins et al, , p. 1989. Sport tourism and events that involve the community have a significant relationship with residents' behavior and that leads to the creation of a positive image (Echeta, 2022, p. 39).…”