Understanding temperature-induced primary nucleation in dual impinging jet mixers

Low‐Cost Noninvasive Real‐Time Imaging for Tubular Continuous‐Flow Crystallization

“…Cooling crystallization with slug flow was chosen to demonstrate the imaging system. The solute was the well‐studied L ‐asparagine monohydrate (LAM, purity ≥ 99 %, from Sigma‐Aldrich) , , and the solvent was deionized (DI) water. LAM in aqueous solution is an interesting model system due to its ability to form crystals of varying shape and its tendency to aggregate, depending on the crystallizer design and its operating conditions.…”

“…Millifluidic tubular crystallizers with practical production capacity is of recent interest , but obtaining real‐time information on the crystals inside such crystallizers has been limited by available techniques. The main focus in the literature for relevant problems has been the development of imaging systems in stirred‐tank crystallizers . Most of these imaging systems use sampling, in situ probes, or flow‐through cell imaging devices to directly monitor the dynamic variation of crystal size, shape, and polymorphic form.…”

Optimized Stirred Reactor for Enhanced Particle Dispersion

“…In addition, the principle of the mixing design is applied to a standard cooling crystallization process in non‐baffled mixed tanks. In the pharmaceutical industry, mixing is an important factor which is often difficult to be manipulated or scaled up in batch crystallizers to satisfy a target size distribution 27–29. One way to enhance the control of product size distribution is to reduce secondary nucleation, which sometimes derives from poor mixing.…”

Designs of continuous-flow pharmaceutical crystallizers: developments and practice

“…Momentum of mixing streams 8,28 Accelerate nucleation and crystal breakage Crystallizer jacket ( Fig. 2a and b), circulation bath ( Fig.…”

“…Linear velocities 7,42 (or flow rates 29 ) Reynolds number 105,[108][109][110] Damkohler number, 108,110 jet geometry (jet angle and internozzle spacing), 28,42,105,108,110 seed load 9,29 Amplitude (energy, intensity), 14,114,120,140,141 sonic exposure time 12 (flow rate), frequency 13 Tip/rotational speed, 54,122,124 turn over (or cycle) number and/per residence time 55,124,126 Residence time, 10,104 T range and ramp, 10,104 T cycle number 104 Recycle ratio, nanoparticles and/or nanocrystals. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The slug flow tubular crystallizer also maintains useful operational properties of both batch (e.g., less clogging) and continuous crystallizers (e.g., scale up 27 ), and improves crystal qualities in flow.…”