Understanding the boiling characteristics of bi-component droplets with improved bubble nucleation and break-up mechanisms
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Cited by 2 publications
References 60 publications
Enhanced spray-wall interaction model for port fuel injection under medium load conditions
This study presents an Eulerian-Lagrangian framework for the numerical analysis of spray dynamics, with a focus on droplet movement, spray-wall interactions, and the effects of varying injection parameters associated with port fuel injection (PFI) system. A grid-independent criterion is introduced to optimize mesh analysis for accurate predictions of fuel penetration length. The size distribution of secondary droplets is described using a probability density function, and statistical optimization is subsequently implemented to estimate their mean size. This probabilistic approach enhances the Lagrangian wall film (LWF) model, leading to accurate predictions of the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) at a given radial width ($$R_\text{{w}}$$ R w ), with results closely matching experimental data. For $$8.0 ~\text {mm} \le R_\text{{w}} \le 24.0 ~\text {mm}$$ 8.0 mm ≤ R w ≤ 24.0 mm , the maximum SMD of 21.67 $$\mu$$ μ m corresponds to $$R_\text{{w}} = 14.0, \text {mm}$$ R w = 14.0 , mm , while the smallest SMD of 12.68 $$\mu$$ μ m is computed for a radial position of $$R_\text{{w}} = 24.0 ~\text {mm}$$ R w = 24.0 mm . The numerical investigation quantifies the role of spray-wall interactions in determining the trajectory of fuel distribution, particularly in the formation of wall films and the relative spatio-temporal diesel concentration (F/A) %. The study explores aspects such as droplet size variations, heat transfer during evaporation, and film behavior under different injection pressures, providing insights into the multiphysical characteristics of spray-wall systems. Near the impingement site ($$2.0 ~\text {mm} \le R_\text{{w}} \le 4.0 ~\text {mm}$$ 2.0 mm ≤ R w ≤ 4.0 mm ), the plume height ($$H_\text{{w}}$$ H w ) slightly decreases with an increase in injection pressure. While the CFD methodology in this current work has been primarily developed for automotive engineering sector (PFI engines), it also has potential applications in areas such as additive manufacturing, hydropower engineering, climate science, and environmental engineering.
Enhanced spray-wall interaction model for port fuel injection under medium load conditions
This study presents an Eulerian-Lagrangian framework for the numerical analysis of spray dynamics, with a focus on droplet movement, spray-wall interactions, and the effects of varying injection parameters associated with port fuel injection (PFI) system. A grid-independent criterion is introduced to optimize mesh analysis for accurate predictions of fuel penetration length. The size distribution of secondary droplets is described using a probability density function, and statistical optimization is subsequently implemented to estimate their mean size. This probabilistic approach enhances the Lagrangian wall film (LWF) model, leading to accurate predictions of the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) at a given radial width ($$R_\text{{w}}$$ R w ), with results closely matching experimental data. For $$8.0 ~\text {mm} \le R_\text{{w}} \le 24.0 ~\text {mm}$$ 8.0 mm ≤ R w ≤ 24.0 mm , the maximum SMD of 21.67 $$\mu$$ μ m corresponds to $$R_\text{{w}} = 14.0, \text {mm}$$ R w = 14.0 , mm , while the smallest SMD of 12.68 $$\mu$$ μ m is computed for a radial position of $$R_\text{{w}} = 24.0 ~\text {mm}$$ R w = 24.0 mm . The numerical investigation quantifies the role of spray-wall interactions in determining the trajectory of fuel distribution, particularly in the formation of wall films and the relative spatio-temporal diesel concentration (F/A) %. The study explores aspects such as droplet size variations, heat transfer during evaporation, and film behavior under different injection pressures, providing insights into the multiphysical characteristics of spray-wall systems. Near the impingement site ($$2.0 ~\text {mm} \le R_\text{{w}} \le 4.0 ~\text {mm}$$ 2.0 mm ≤ R w ≤ 4.0 mm ), the plume height ($$H_\text{{w}}$$ H w ) slightly decreases with an increase in injection pressure. While the CFD methodology in this current work has been primarily developed for automotive engineering sector (PFI engines), it also has potential applications in areas such as additive manufacturing, hydropower engineering, climate science, and environmental engineering.
Computational modeling of boiling droplets of multi-component fuels integrating bubble evolution: A review and enhancement
With the utilization of new practical fuels in engines, including mixed fuels, the droplet evaporation model may not adequately describe the phenomenon of the multi-component fuel droplets undergoing boiling at high ambient temperatures due to the large difference in the boiling points between the different components. Therefore, the construction of the droplet boiling model becomes important to broaden the applicability of the droplet vaporization model in engine simulations. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation framework for the boiling droplet model, which integrates bubble evolution, is constructed. The available sub-models of bubble nucleation, growth, and breakup are analyzed and evaluated. Then, the validation and comparison of the droplet vaporization model integrating bubble evolution for multi-component fuels are systematically conducted under wide conditions. The results indicate that the accuracy of the bubble evolution sub-models determines the prediction accuracy of the droplet boiling model. The enhanced bubble sub-models, taking into account the effects of the liquid viscosity, surface tension, and molecular diffusion of the multi-component droplet, show satisfactory performance in predicting the boiling behavior of the multi-component droplets, and reduce the choice of empirical parameters in applications. The updated droplet vaporization model integrating the enhanced bubble sub-models aligns more consistently with the actual physical processes at high-temperature environments, enabling quantitative reproduction of the fluctuation and evolution of the droplet diameter in the boiling stage. Moreover, it is found that the accuracy of the droplet vaporization model is significantly influenced by the prediction of the boiling critical point of the multi-component mixture, and the change of the bubble point of the liquid mixture with the liquid composition and operating conditions should be considered.
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