Understanding the development and function of the gut microbiota in health and inflammation

Selvakumar, Deepak; Evans, Dolan; Coyte, Katharine Z.; McLaughlin, John; Brass, Andy; Hancock, Laura; Cruickshank, Sheena M.

doi:10.1136/flgastro-2022-102119

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…A stable gut microbiota strikes positive effect on maintaining the normal histological and anatomical structure of the organs, promoting vitamin synthesis, sustaining intestinal pH value, promoting ion absorption, and participating in substance metabolism. In addition, gut microbiota also participates in the formation of the intestinal mucosal barrier and interaction with submucosal immune cells to regulate the immune system [ 24 , 25 ]. Thus, the mucosal immune system and the homeostasis of gut microbiota are interdependent, and a balance between them maintains a stable intestinal environment.…”

Section: Enterotype and Inflammatory Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Response: A Crucial Way for Gut Microbes to Regulate Cardiovascular Diseases

Wang¹,

Zhu²,

Leng³

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Gut microbiota is the largest and most complex microflora in the human body, which plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Over the past 20 years, the bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and extra-intestinal organs has been extensively studied. A better comprehension of the alternative mechanisms for physiological and pathophysiological processes could pave the way for health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common diseases that seriously threatens human health. Although previous studies have shown that cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension, and coronary atherosclerosis, are closely related to gut microbiota, limited understanding of the complex pathogenesis leads to poor effectiveness of clinical treatment. Dysregulation of inflammation always accounts for the damaged gastrointestinal function and deranged interaction with the cardiovascular system. This review focuses on the characteristics of gut microbiota in CVD and the significance of inflammation regulation during the whole process. In addition, strategies to prevent and treat CVD through proper regulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites are also discussed.

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Section: Enterotype and Inflammatory Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Response: A Crucial Way for Gut Microbes to Regulate Cardiovascular Diseases

Wang¹,

Zhu²,

Leng³

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…The gut microbiota, which refers to the trillions of microorganisms that live in the human gastrointestinal tract [17], mainly includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa, archaea, and viruses [18], among which bacteria are dominant that have been implicated in various aspects of human health and disease [19], including the development of appendicitis [20].…”

Section: The Role Of Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Role of Inflammatory Mediators and Gut Microbiome in Appendicitis: Types and Applications in Clinical Scoring

Elwan,

Abdennour,

Akl

et al. 2023

Advanced Gut & Microbiome Research

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Appendicitis is a common medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by inflammation of the appendix. The exact mechanisms that trigger the inflammatory response in appendicitis are not well understood, but it is known that inflammatory mediators play a crucial role in the development and progression of the disease. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of appendicitis. This review article examines the various types of inflammatory mediators involved, including cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins, and discusses their interactions with other cells and molecules in the inflammatory cascade. Our review highlights the complex interplay between inflammatory mediators in the development of appendicitis and their potential implications for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. We discuss the potential for targeted therapies aimed at reducing the production or activity of specific inflammatory mediators, as well as the potential for new diagnostic approaches based on the detection of specific mediators in the blood or other bodily fluids. At the end, the role of inflammatory mediators in appendicitis is an active area of research, and continued investigation is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms involved. However, the growing understanding of the complex interactions between these molecules offers new opportunities for the development of targeted therapies and diagnostic tools for this common and potentially serious condition

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“…[1] A healthy gut is characterized by an intact gut epithelium with a thick mucus layer (formed by tightly connected intestinal epithelial cells [IEC]) and balanced gut microbes. [1,2] The intestinal barrier regulates barrier permeability (by tight-junctional proteins and formation of a mucus layer), acts as a defense barrier against foreign substances (bacteria, toxins, and allergens), and is a modulator of the intestinal immune and inflammatory response (through secretion of cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, and mucins). [2] Any disruption in these factors leads to reduced tight junctions, a thinner mucus layer, gut inflammation, and dysbiosis (a shift in gut microbial balance) that are reported in the pathogenesis of intestinal disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,2] The intestinal barrier regulates barrier permeability (by tight-junctional proteins and formation of a mucus layer), acts as a defense barrier against foreign substances (bacteria, toxins, and allergens), and is a modulator of the intestinal immune and inflammatory response (through secretion of cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, and mucins). [2] Any disruption in these factors leads to reduced tight junctions, a thinner mucus layer, gut inflammation, and dysbiosis (a shift in gut microbial balance) that are reported in the pathogenesis of intestinal disorders. [1,2] Hence, targeting gut health may be a potential strategy to prevent and/or treat many chronic diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Evidence for the Beneficial Effects of Dietary Blueberries on Gut Health: A Systematic Review

Lúcia

Oliveira

Dias

et al. 2023

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Emerging evidence indicates the association between an unhealthy gut and chronic diseases. A healthy gut comprises an intact gut epithelium and balanced gut microbes. Diet is one of the critical factors that modulate gut health by positively or negatively affecting the intestinal barrier and gut microbes. Blueberries are an excellent source of health‐promoting bioactive components, and this systematic review is conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary blueberries on gut health. A literature search is conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases to review relevant studies published between 2011 and 2022 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (SYRCLE‐RoB) tool is used for methodological quality assessments. Sixteen studies included from four countries are reviewed and the results are synthesized narratively. This data analysis indicates that blueberry supplementation improves gut health by improving intestinal morphology, reducing gut permeability, suppressing oxidative stress, ameliorating gut inflammation, and modulating the composition and function of gut microbes. However, there are significant knowledge gaps in this field. These findings indicate that further studies are needed to establish the beneficial effects of blueberries on gut health.

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Understanding the development and function of the gut microbiota in health and inflammation

Cited by 8 publications

References 103 publications

Inflammatory Response: A Crucial Way for Gut Microbes to Regulate Cardiovascular Diseases

Inflammatory Response: A Crucial Way for Gut Microbes to Regulate Cardiovascular Diseases

Unveiling the Role of Inflammatory Mediators and Gut Microbiome in Appendicitis: Types and Applications in Clinical Scoring

Scientific Evidence for the Beneficial Effects of Dietary Blueberries on Gut Health: A Systematic Review

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