Understanding the Difference between Inner- and Outer-Sphere Mechanisms: An Electrochemical Experiment

The role of temperature in copper electrocrystallization in ammonia–chloride solutions

“…(9), do not vary significantly with temperature, and they are around 0.5. This fact is indicative that the reduction reaction involving Cu(NH 3 ) 3 Cl + /Cu(NH 3 ) 2 Cl is an electron transfer reaction (outer sphere reaction), in agreement with the reported in the literature [30,31].…”

Electrochromism of Crystal Violet Lactone in the presence of Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox pair

“…In this case, as expected, an anodic peak appears at 0.6 V that corresponds to the well known Fe 2+ → Fe 3+ + e − reaction. The cathodic peak occurs at 0.4 V. These voltammograms show a quasi-reversible behaviour as discussed previously in the literature [16,17]. Therefore it follows that one can selectively perform electrochemical reactions on the Fe(III)/Fe(II) without affecting CVL by judicious selection of electric potentials.…”

Perovskite Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media

“…Oxygen can adsorb strongly through formation of a covalent bond with a single site (a2 in Figure 6a) which leads to an inner sphere electron transfer [165] that depends strongly on the electronic properties of the perovskite. On the other hand, oxygen can also adsorb weakly on multiple sites (b2 in Figure 6b) where the oxygen molecule might even be spatially separated by a monolayer of water/hydroxide.…”

“…On the other hand, oxygen can also adsorb weakly on multiple sites (b2 in Figure 6b) where the oxygen molecule might even be spatially separated by a monolayer of water/hydroxide. In the case of spatial separation, oxygen might be located in the outer Helmholtz layer of the electric double layer [166,167], which leads to an outer-sphere electron transfer that favors hydroperoxide production [165]. It was proposed that an outer sphere electron transfer is promoted by alkaline media on metals [166,167] and Fe-N-C [166,168] catalysts.…”