Understanding the effect of combined thermal treatment and phenol–formaldehyde resin impregnation on the compressive stress of wood

Li, Wanzhao; Zhang, Zheng; Yang, Kai; Mei, Changtong; Bulcke, Jan Van den; Acker, Joris Van

doi:10.1007/s00226-022-01400-2

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These bonds can increase the stiffness and rigidity of the wood cell wall, making it more resistant to deformation and fracture. This is supported by Li et al [12], who found that thermal treatment promoted a chemical reaction between phenol-formaldehyde resin and wood, resulting in improved compressive stress.…”

Section: Table 1 Influence Of Temperature Modification and Duration M...mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…However, our study also contradicts some other studies that reported a decrease in the compressive strength of wood perpendicular to the grain after thermal treatment. For example, Li et al [12] found that thermally treated spruce wood had lower compressive strength than untreated wood when the growth ring orientation was 40 degrees. This discrepancy may be due to the different wood species, growth ring orientations, thermal treatment conditions, and testing methods used in different studies.…”

Section: Table 1 Influence Of Temperature Modification and Duration M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Performance of Heat-Treated Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Wood

Hasanagic,

Fathi,

Sefidruh

et al. 2023

FWIAFE

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In this study, the mechanical characteristics of Norway spruce wood (Picea abies) from Bosnia and Herzegovina were investigated by thermal treatment at three different temperatures (specifically, 180, 190, and 210°C) and treatment durations (namely, 2, 3, and 4 hours). For this purpose, the maximum 4-point bending force, the modulus of elasticity in bending, the compression strength parallel to the grain, and the compression strength perpendicular to the grain in treated and untreated specimens were evaluated. Results indicated that the relationship between temperature and duration modification affects the mechanical properties of wood specimens. The results revealed that the relationship between temperature and duration modification influenced the mechanical properties of the wood samples. Specifically, in terms of compression strength, it was observed that the heat-treated specimens exhibited improved mechanical properties compared to the unmodified specimens. However, for the maximum 4-point bending force and modulus of elasticity, the results indicated a decrease in mechanical properties.

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Section: Table 1 Influence Of Temperature Modification and Duration M...mentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Table 1 Influence Of Temperature Modification and Duration M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Performance of Heat-Treated Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Wood

Hasanagic,

Fathi,

Sefidruh

et al. 2023

FWIAFE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PF resins have different properties based on their M w and shape. As passive impregnation agents, it is important to evaluate the relationships among the penetration depths of PF resins, capacity of PF resins, and chemical and physical characteristics of the wood structure [34][35][36]. places into which PF resin can impregnate.…”

Section: Mechanism Underlying the Modification Of Beech Wood Via Pf R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin Oligomer Molecular Weight on the Strength Properties of Beech Wood

Qian

Biziks

Militz

2022

Forests

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of four phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin treatments with different molecular weights at four different concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20%) in treated beech wood. The mechanical properties of untreated and treated beech wood were evaluated. After impregnation with PF resin, all modified beech wood at all PF resin concentrations exhibited an increase in weight percent gain compared with that in untreated beech samples. PF resins with lower molecular weights more easily penetrate the wood cell wall, leading to increased bulking of the wood structure, which in turn improves the dimensional stability of the wood. The PF resin treatment with a molecular weight of 305 g/mol showed better impregnation ability than that of the other PF resins. The impact bending strength of PF-treated wood was considerably reduced because PF-cured resins formed inside the wood and are rigid and brittle. Additionally, PF resin treatments at all concentrations decreased the modulus of elasticity of the wood. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy revealed that the PF resins were comparatively well fixed in the wood samples. The results indicate that the large molecular weight PF resins are more uniformly distributed in the fiber lumens.

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“…Such challenges require the development of various methods for processing and preserving wooden materials. Physical methods, such as chemical impregnation treatments and heat treatment, can improve the mechanical properties of wood and make it more resistant to biotic factors (Li et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of climate and wood type on elastic modulus of heat-treated wood and its optimization by the Taguchi method

Gunes,

Ersin,

Altunok

2024

BioRes

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Wood, as the oldest building material, provides some of the basic needs of human beings, including shelter and protection. Wood is used in exterior cladding, carrier systems, joinery, ceiling-floor coverings, windows, doors, and furniture production. When wooden material is exposed to external weather conditions, due to its hygroscopic structure, its physical and mechanical properties deteriorate from exposure to moisture, temperature, and biological organisms. The bending modulus of elasticity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), oak (Quercus petraea L.), and chestnut (Castanea sativa M.) wood that was tannin-impregnated and heat-treated at 160 °C, was investigated using Taguchi L9 (33). The sequence was optimized. After heat treatment, the carrier elements were subjected to artificial climate conditions. In the optimization of the data obtained, it was understood that the highest impact factor was the tree type. In contrast, the climate on the elastic modulus was the lowest impact factor. In Taguchi analysis, a mathematical prediction model was created using actual and predicted data using the S/N ratio’s biggest-best equation. The R2 of the model can be predicted with an accuracy rate of 98.6%.

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Understanding the effect of combined thermal treatment and phenol–formaldehyde resin impregnation on the compressive stress of wood

Abstract: Understanding the effect of combined thermal treatment and phenol-formaldehyde resin impregnation on the compressive stress of wood. Wood Science and Technology, 56(4), pp.1071-1086.

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Mechanical Performance of Heat-Treated Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Wood

Mechanical Performance of Heat-Treated Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Wood

Influence of Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin Oligomer Molecular Weight on the Strength Properties of Beech Wood

Effect of climate and wood type on elastic modulus of heat-treated wood and its optimization by the Taguchi method

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