Understanding the Effect of Zn Doping on Stability of Cobalt-Free P2-Na0.60Fe0.5Mn0.5O2 Cathode for Sodium Ion Batteries

Abstract

In this work, we report a sol-gel synthesis-based Zn-doped Na0.6Fe0.5Mn0.5O2 (NFM) cathode and understand the effect of Zn doping on the crystal structure and electrochemical performances such as discharge capacity and rate capability. Detailed X-Ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis indicated a decrease in the Na-layer thickness with Zn doping. Small amount of Zn2+ dopant (i.e., 2 at.%) slightly improved cycling stability, reversibility, and rate performances at higher discharge current rates. For example, at 1 C-rate (1 C = 260 mAh/g), the Zn2+-doped cathode retained a stable reversible capacity of 72 mAh/g, which was ~16% greater than that of NFM (62 mAh/g) and showed a minor improvement in the capacity retention of 60% compared to 55% for the pristine NFM after 65 cycles. Slight improvement in the electrochemical performance for the Zn-doped cathode can be attributed to a better structural stability, which prevented the initial phase transition and showed the presence of electrochemical active Fe3+/4+ even after 10 cycles compared to NFM.

Application of Machine Learning in Battery: State of Charge Estimation Using Feed Forward Neural Network for Sodium-Ion Battery

“…Crystallographic evaluations of the sol-gel synthesized P2-type Na 0.67 Fe 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 were performed using the XRD patterns, shown in Figure 3a. The patterns showed that the NFM powder samples had a hexagonal, layered structure with a P63/mmc space group, as reported in our previous paper [32,33]. The morphology of the powder samples was observed using an ultra-high-resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) Hitachi SU7000.…”

Microfluidic Synthesis, Doping Strategy, and Optoelectronic Applications of Nanostructured Halide Perovskite Materials

“…Figure 3 b demonstrates the Mn emission band in transition metal cation Mn 2+ -doped perovskite NCs [ 16 ]. Moreover, the dopant in the crystal structure also leads to slightly improved electrochemical performances, such as discharge capacity and rate capability ( Figure 3 c) [ 58 , 59 ].…”

“…Adapted under a creative commons license from Ref. [ 58 ] ( (accessed on 14 September 2022)) Copyright 2021 by the authors.…”

Multication-Induced Disorder in an O3-Type NaNi0.4Mg0.1Al0.1Ti0.3Sb0.1O2 Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been dominating the market over the past three decades in portable devices. , However, the implementation of LIBs for large-scale applications is still facing issues due to limited reserves and the high price of lithium. , Additionally, Co is an invincible component of cathode used in high-capacity LIBs, which is also expensive, toxic, and scant in Earth’s crust. In the context of increasing demand for a substantial energy storage system, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are favorable substituents to LIBs considering notable characteristics such as Na abundance and wide availability around the globe. − Both lithium and sodium have similar physicochemical properties; however, Na inherits a few more beneficial aspects than Li, like high desolvation and activation energies, which promote ion transport. , …”

“…5−7 Both lithium and sodium have similar physicochemical properties; however, Na inherits a few more beneficial aspects than Li, like high desolvation and activation energies, which promote ion transport. 8,9 In general, SIB intercalation hosts are categorized into different classes, such as layered transition metal oxides, polyanions, and Prussian blue analogues. 10,11 Among these, layered transition metal oxide cathodes are beneficial owing to their simple structure, easy synthesis, notable capacity, and choice of including a variety of transition elements in the cathode formulation.…”