Understanding the effects of electromagnetic field emissions from Marine Renewable Energy Devices (MREDs) on the commercially important edible crab, Cancer pagurus (L.)

Scott, K. J.; Harsanyi, Petra; Lyndon, Alastair Robert

doi:10.3389/conf.fmars.2018.06.00105

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In this experiment the animals experienced magnetic fields strengths of 51 600 -65 300 nT, or deviations from the natural field of 300 -14 000 nT (Hutchison et al 2018). In another experiment, edible crab (Cancer pagaurus) exposed to 2 800 000 -40 000 000 nT for 24 h displayed increased sheltering and a preference for magnetically exposed shelters (Scott et al 2018). However, no effects were found on the shelter seeking behavior of juvenile lobsters (Homarus gammarus) exposed to artificial magnetic field of a maximum intensity of 200 000 nT (Taormina et al 2020).…”

Section: Magnetic Disturbances and Animal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 94%

Electric and magnetic senses in marine animals, and potential behavioral effects of electromagnetic surveys

Nyqvist

Durif

Johnsen

et al. 2020

Marine Environmental Research

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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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Section: Magnetic Disturbances and Animal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 94%

Electric and magnetic senses in marine animals, and potential behavioral effects of electromagnetic surveys

Nyqvist

Durif

Johnsen

et al. 2020

Marine Environmental Research

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“…In AC conditions (50 Hz), the 450 μT homogeneous zone was similar, but the coils were powered by connecting the sector current to a portable isolation transformer that was controlled with a rheostat. This study's exposure system was based on the same physical principle as those of other research teams (Jakubowska et al, 2019;Scott et al, 2018;Taormina et al, 2020;Woodruff et al, 2013) but is mobile and designed for regular use across various experimental conditions. Moreover, all the electrical parameters (voltage, electric intensity, on/off switching and coil temperature) are monitored, recorded and programmed from a purpose-built software developed by MAPPEM Geophysics (http://www.mappem-geophysics.com/).…”

Section: Magnetic Field Exposure System and Experimental Tankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the behavioural responses of juvenile thornback ray Raja clavata to alternating and direct current magnetic fields

Albert

Olivier

Jolivet

et al. 2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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As part of energy transition, marine renewable energy devices (MRED) are currently expanding in developed countries inducing the deployment of dense networks of submarine power cables. Concern has thus raised about the cable magnetic emissions (direct or alternating current) because of potential interference with the sensorial environment of magneto‐sensitive species, such as sharks and rays. This study sought to assess the short‐term behavioural responses of juvenile thornback rays (Raja clavata) (n = 15) to direct and alternating (50 Hz) uniform 450‐μT artificial magnetic fields using 1 h focal‐sampling design based on a detailed ethogram. Careful control of magnetic fields' temporal and spatial scales was obtained in laboratory conditions through a custom‐made Helmholtz coil device. Overall, qualitative or quantitative behavioural responses of juvenile rays did not significantly vary between control vs. exposed individuals over the morning period. Nonetheless, rays under direct current magnetic field increased their activity over the midday period. Synchronisation patterns were also observed for individuals receiving alternating current exposure (chronologic and qualitative similarities) coupled with a high inter‐individual variance. Further studies should consider larger batches of juveniles to address the effect of long‐term exposure and explore the sensitivity range of rays with dose‐response designs.

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“…EMFs from generators and cables associated with ME devices may be detected by some marine species, but significant uncertainty remains about their effects on species physiology [127][128][129] and behavior [127,130]. The physics of EMFs is well understood and can be modeled using analytical equations or numerical simulations, but so far applications have been constrained to simplified settings.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Modeling Approaches for Understanding and Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy

Buenau

Garavelli

Hemery

et al. 2022

JMSE

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Understanding the environmental effects of marine energy (ME) devices is fundamental for their sustainable development and efficient regulation. However, measuring effects is difficult given the limited number of operational devices currently deployed. Numerical modeling is a powerful tool for estimating environmental effects and quantifying risks. It is most effective when informed by empirical data and coordinated with the development and implementation of monitoring protocols. We reviewed modeling techniques and information needs for six environmental stressor–receptor interactions related to ME: changes in oceanographic systems, underwater noise, electromagnetic fields (EMFs), changes in habitat, collision risk, and displacement of marine animals. This review considers the effects of tidal, wave, and ocean current energy converters. We summarized the availability and maturity of models for each stressor–receptor interaction and provide examples involving ME devices when available and analogous examples otherwise. Models for oceanographic systems and underwater noise were widely available and sometimes applied to ME, but need validation in real-world settings. Many methods are available for modeling habitat change and displacement of marine animals, but few examples related to ME exist. Models of collision risk and species response to EMFs are still in stages of theory development and need more observational data, particularly about species behavior near devices, to be effective. We conclude by synthesizing model status, commonalities between models, and overlapping monitoring needs that can be exploited to develop a coordinated and efficient set of protocols for predicting and monitoring the environmental effects of ME.

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Understanding the effects of electromagnetic field emissions from Marine Renewable Energy Devices (MREDs) on the commercially important edible crab, Cancer pagurus (L.)

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Electric and magnetic senses in marine animals, and potential behavioral effects of electromagnetic surveys

Electric and magnetic senses in marine animals, and potential behavioral effects of electromagnetic surveys

Insights into the behavioural responses of juvenile thornback ray Raja clavata to alternating and direct current magnetic fields

A Review of Modeling Approaches for Understanding and Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy

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