Understanding the effects of task-specific practice in the brain: Insights from individual-differences analyses

Ganis, Giorgio; Thompson, William L.; Kosslyn, Stephen M.

doi:10.3758/cabn.5.2.235

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In contrast, only a relatively small number of fMRI studies, none of them investigating the neural bases of deception, have focused on rate-limiting processes and on documenting differences in rate-limiting processes between conditions (e.g., Ganis et al, 2005;Kosslyn et al, 1996;Miller et al, 2002;Ng et al, 2001;Wager et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…To determine which brain regions were driving the pattern of correlations with the RTs, we entered the identified brain regions (hereafter, regions of interest, ROIs) into a stepwise forward multiple linear regression analysis, independently for the two conditions, as in prior work (Ganis et al, 2005;Kosslyn et al, 1996). However, due to collinearity (i.e., most variables were highly correlated with one another), it was not possible to obtain reliable estimates of the relative contribution of the different variables.…”

Section: Fmri Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analyses were similar to those conducted in Ganis et al (2005). First, we calculated the z-scores of the difference between the deceptive and honest conditions for the RTs, independently for the self-and other-related conditions.…”

Section: Fmri Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To document differences between self-and other-related lies, in the current study we used a novel individual differences logic that employs a brainÁbehavior correlation method (Ganis,540 GANIS, MORRIS, AND KOSSLYN Thompson, & Kosslyn, 2005;Kosslyn, Thompson, Kim, Rauch, & Alpert, 1996;Miller et al, 2002;Ng et al, 2001;Plomin & Kosslyn, 2001;Wager et al, 2005). The core of this logic revolves around the distinction between rate-limiting and minimally sufficient processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural processes underlying self- and other-related lies: An individual difference approach using fMRI

Ganis

Morris

Kosslyn

2009

Social Neuroscience

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Two hypotheses were tested using a novel individual differences approach, which identifies rate-limiting brain regions, that is, brain regions in which variations in neural activity predict variations in behavioral performance. The first hypothesis is that the rate-limiting regions that support the production of lies about oneself (self-related) are partially distinct from those underlying the production of lies about other individuals (other-related). The second hypothesis is that a cingulate-insular-prefrontal network found to be rate-limiting for interference tasks is involved in both types of lies. The results confirmed both hypotheses and supported the utility of this individual differences approach in the study of deception in particular, as well in the study of complex cognitive phenomena more generally.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Fmri Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fmri Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Neural processes underlying self- and other-related lies: An individual difference approach using fMRI

Ganis

Morris

Kosslyn

2009

Social Neuroscience

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“…A number of researchers have suggested that the same attentional mechanisms are used during mental transformations of VSTM as during visual perception (Awh et al, 1998;Ganis, Thompson, & Kosslyn, 2005;Jonides, Lacey, & Nee, 2005). According to these researchers, mental rotation of VSTM information involves covert shifts of visual attention and possibly overt eye movements.…”

Section: Modeling Covert Vs Overt Attention Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Cognitive Model of Strategies for Cardinal Direction Judgments

Gugerty

Rodes

2007

Spatial Cognition & Computation

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Previous research has identified a variety of strategies used by novice and experienced navigators in making cardinal direction judgments (Gugerty, Brooks, & Treadaway, 2004). We developed an ACT-R cognitive model of some of these strategies that instantiated a number of concepts from research in spatial cognition, including a visual-short-term-memory buffer overlaid on a perceptual buffer, an egocentric reference frame in visual-short-term-memory, storage of categorical spatial information in visual-short-term-memory, and rotation of a mental compass in visual-short-termmemory. Response times predicted by the model fit well with the data of two groups, college students (N D 20) trained and practiced in the modeled strategies, and jet pilots (N D 4) with no strategy training. Thus, the cognitive model seems to provide an accurate description of important strategies for cardinal direction judgments. Additionally, it demonstrates how theoretical constructs in spatial cognition can be applied to a complex, realistic navigation task.

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Network and state specificity in connectivity‐based predictions of individual behavior

Kraljević,

Langner,

Küppers

et al. 2024

Human Brain Mapping

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Predicting individual behavior from brain functional connectivity (FC) patterns can contribute to our understanding of human brain functioning. This may apply in particular if predictions are based on features derived from circumscribed, a priori defined functional networks, which improves interpretability. Furthermore, some evidence suggests that task‐based FC data may yield more successful predictions of behavior than resting‐state FC data. Here, we comprehensively examined to what extent the correspondence of functional network priors and task states with behavioral target domains influences the predictability of individual performance in cognitive, social, and affective tasks. To this end, we used data from the Human Connectome Project for large‐scale out‐of‐sample predictions of individual abilities in working memory (WM), theory‐of‐mind cognition (SOCIAL), and emotion processing (EMO) from FC of corresponding and non‐corresponding states (WM/SOCIAL/EMO/resting‐state) and networks (WM/SOCIAL/EMO/whole‐brain connectome). Using root mean squared error and coefficient of determination to evaluate model fit revealed that predictive performance was rather poor overall. Predictions from whole‐brain FC were slightly better than those from FC in task‐specific networks, and a slight benefit of predictions based on FC from task versus resting state was observed for performance in the WM domain. Beyond that, we did not find any significant effects of a correspondence of network, task state, and performance domains. Together, these results suggest that multivariate FC patterns during both task and resting states contain rather little information on individual performance levels, calling for a reconsideration of how the brain mediates individual differences in mental abilities.

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Understanding the effects of task-specific practice in the brain: Insights from individual-differences analyses

Cited by 48 publications

References 23 publications

Neural processes underlying self- and other-related lies: An individual difference approach using fMRI

Neural processes underlying self- and other-related lies: An individual difference approach using fMRI

A Cognitive Model of Strategies for Cardinal Direction Judgments

Network and state specificity in connectivity‐based predictions of individual behavior

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