Understanding the enhancement and temperature-dependency of the self-healing and electromechanical properties of dielectric elastomers containing mixed pendant polar groups

Ellingford, Christopher; Wemyss, Alan M.; Zhang, Runan; Prokeš, Ivan; Pickford, Tom; Bowen, Chris; Coveney, Vincent A.; Wan, Chaoying

doi:10.1039/d0tc00509f

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The team also reported methyl‐3‐mercaptopropionate grafted SBS (M3M‐SBS) for dielectric actuation, which actuated with 9.2% radial strain under an electric field of 39.5 MV m –1 and exhibited an energy density of up to 11 mJ g −1 during energy harvesting. [ 121,122 ]…”

Section: Self‐healing Under Extreme Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities of Self‐Healing Polymers and Devices for Extreme and Hostile Environments

et al. 2021

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Engineering materials and devices can be damaged during their service life as a result of mechanical fatigue, punctures, electrical breakdown, and electrochemical corrosion. This damage can lead to unexpected failure during operation, which requires regular inspection, repair, and replacement of the products, resulting in additional energy consumption and cost. During operation in challenging, extreme, or harsh environments, such as those encountered in high or low temperature, nuclear, offshore, space, and deep mining environments, the robustness and stability of materials and devices are extremely important. Over recent decades, significant effort has been invested into improving the robustness and stability of materials through either structural design, the introduction of new chemistry, or improved manufacturing processes. Inspired by natural systems, the creation of self‐healing materials has the potential to overcome these challenges and provide a route to achieve dynamic repair during service. Current research on self‐healing polymers remains in its infancy, and self‐healing behavior under harsh and extreme conditions is a particularly untapped area of research. Here, the self‐healing mechanisms and performance of materials under a variety of harsh environments are discussed. An overview of polymer‐based devices developed for a range of challenging environments is provided, along with areas for future research.

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Section: Self‐healing Under Extreme Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities of Self‐Healing Polymers and Devices for Extreme and Hostile Environments

et al. 2021

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“… Graphs showing relationships between a) dielectric breakdown strength ( E b

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and relative permittivity ( ϵ r ); b) stiffness and strain at break; c) energy density and actuation strain; and d) figure of merit for energy harvesting and figure of merit for actuation for SBS‐based elastomers (circles), silicone‐based elastomers (squares), and acrylic‐based elastomers (triangles). The data for each of the materials were taken from: NH 2 /COOH‐silicone, [21] SBS, [20b] silicone, M3M‐SBS, [20c] MG‐SBS, [20b] MG/TG‐SBS, [20a] DA‐acrylic, [22] CN‐silicone, [20e] VHB‐4910, [23] ME‐silicone, [20d] MG‐silicone, [20d] TG‐silicone [20d] …”

Section: Dielectric Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 80 °C, the elastomer demonstrated a mechanical self‐healing efficiency of up to 79 % after three hours, highlighting its potential for use in elevated temperature environments. However, its mechanical stiffness was too high ( Y =9.6 MPa) for an efficient actuation performance at room temperature [20a] …”

Section: Dielectric Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Polymer Networks: A New Avenue towards Sustainable and Advanced Soft Machines

et al. 2021

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While the fascinating field of soft machines has grown rapidly over the last two decades, the materials they are constructed from have remained largely unchanged during this time. Parallel activities have led to significant advances in the field of dynamic polymer networks, leading to the design of three‐dimensionally cross‐linked polymeric materials that are able to adapt and transform through stimuli‐induced bond exchange. Recent work has begun to merge these two fields of research by incorporating the stimuli‐responsive properties of dynamic polymer networks into soft machine components. These include dielectric elastomers, stretchable electrodes, nanogenerators, and energy storage devices. In this Minireview, we outline recent progress made in this emerging research area and discuss future directions for the field.

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“…The TPE electrifying aspects were observed to achieve few particular HV insulations, at least for the distribution class applications, especially in light contamination environments. Nowadays, TPEs, mainly silicone rubber (PDMS), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene propylene diene rubber Energies 2021, 14, 2758 5 of 29 (EPDM), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber, have become the material of choice as an insulator due to their performance and less expense [46][47][48].…”

Section: Thermoplastic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application and Suitability of Polymeric Materials as Insulators in Electrical Equipment

et al. 2021

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In this paper, the applications of thermoplastic, thermoset polymers, and a brief description of the functions of each subsystem are reviewed. The synthetic route and characteristics of polymeric materials are presented. The mechanical properties of polymers such as impact behavior, tensile test, bending test, and thermal properties like mold stress-relief distortion, generic thermal indices, relative thermal capability, and relative thermal index are mentioned. Furthermore, this paper covers the electrical behavior of polymers, mainly their dielectric strength. Different techniques for evaluating polymers’ suitability applied for electrical insulation are covered, such as partial discharge and high current arc resistance to ignition. The polymeric materials and processes used for manufacturing cables at different voltage ranges are described, and their applications to high voltage DC systems (HVDC) are discussed. The evolution and limitations of polymeric materials for electrical application and their advantages and future trends are mentioned. However, to reduce the high cost of filler networks and improve their technical properties, new techniques need to be developed. To overcome limitations associated with the accuracy of the techniques used for quantifying residual stresses in polymers, new techniques such as indentation are used with higher force at the stressed location.

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Understanding the enhancement and temperature-dependency of the self-healing and electromechanical properties of dielectric elastomers containing mixed pendant polar groups

Abstract: New insights on the impact of the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions on the temperature-dependencies of the self-healing and electromechanical properties of the dielectric elastomers.

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Challenges and Opportunities of Self‐Healing Polymers and Devices for Extreme and Hostile Environments

Challenges and Opportunities of Self‐Healing Polymers and Devices for Extreme and Hostile Environments

Dynamic Polymer Networks: A New Avenue towards Sustainable and Advanced Soft Machines

Application and Suitability of Polymeric Materials as Insulators in Electrical Equipment

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