Understanding the experience and manifestation of depression in adolescents living with HIV in Harare, Zimbabwe

Willis, Nicola; Mavhu, Webster; Wogrin, Carol; Mutsinze, Abigail; Kagee, Ashraf

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190423

Cited by 77 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Links between poor mental health and suicide are well established, including among adolescents (Wild et al, 2004). Adolescence is a high risk period for the development of mental health problems (Kessler et al, 2012) and there is evidence to suggest that ALHIV may be at elevated risk of mental health disorders (Scharko, 2006;Mellins and Malee, 2013;Willis et al, 2018). Moreover, several Southern African studies, including longitudinal analyses, have shown poor mental health to mediate the relationship between specific stressors, such as parental death and abuse, and suicidal thoughts and behaviours among adolescents (Cluver et al, 2015;Shilubane et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal thoughts and behaviour among South African adolescents living with HIV: Can social support buffer the impact of stigma?

Casale

Boyes

Pantelic

et al. 2019

Journal of Affective Disorders

103

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Background: Adolescents living with HIV represent a high-risk population for suicidal ideation and attempts, especially in low-income settings. Yet little is known about risk and protective factors for suicide in this population. Methods: A moderated mediation model was employed to test for potential (a) effects of stigma on suicidal ideation and attempts, both direct and mediated through depression and (b) direct and stress-buffering effects of social support resources on depression and suicidal ideation and attempts, among 1053 HIV-positive 10-19-year-old adolescents from a resource-scarce health district in South Africa. The survey data was collected using full community sampling of 53 clinics and tracing to over 180 communities. Effects of two support resources were tested: perceived support availability from the adolescents' social network and structured clinic support groups. Stigma was measured using the ALHIV-SS scale, depression through the CDI short form and social support through items from the MOS-SS. Results: Stigma was a risk factor for depression (B = 0.295; p < 001) and for suicidal thoughts and behaviour (B = 0.185; p < .001). Only perceived support availability was directly associated with less depression (B = −0.182, p < .001). However, both perceived support availability and support group participation contributed to the overall stress-buffering effects moderating the direct and indirect relationships between stigma and suicidal thoughts and behaviour. Limitations: The data used in this study was self-reported and cross-sectional. Conclusions: Findings suggest that strengthening multiple social support resources for HIVpositive adolescents, through early clinic and community-based interventions, may protect them from experiencing poor mental health and suicidal tendencies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal thoughts and behaviour among South African adolescents living with HIV: Can social support buffer the impact of stigma?

Casale

Boyes

Pantelic

et al. 2019

Journal of Affective Disorders

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It emerged that YPLHIV experience significant psychological challenges including anxiety, worry, and stigma which, if not addressed, often lead to self-isolation and avoidance of proactive behaviors [39]. Support from friends, family and intimate partners was frequently mentioned as a strategy of counteracting the psychosocial challenges experienced by YPLHIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I like the way I am, but I feel like I could get a little bit bigger”: Perceptions of body image among adolescents and youth living with HIV in Durban, South Africa

Nyamaruze

Govender²

2020

PLoS ONE

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Body image concerns are common among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Research into how young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) experience and make sense of feared or actual body changes is limited, yet these changes have emotional, psychological and interpersonal implications for young people who associate physical attractiveness with social desirability. The current study examined the subjective perceptions of body appearance and coping mechanisms among a sample of YPLHIV in Durban, South Africa. An interpretive qualitative inquiry was adopted to understand their lived experiences in relation to their body image and body satisfaction. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 YPLHIV (15-24 years). Findings indicate physical and psychosocial effects of living with HIV among young people including weight loss, skin sores, body dissatisfaction, loss of self-esteem and social withdrawal. The study builds on previous research suggesting that PLHIV may experience a discrepancy between their actual self and ideal self. Enhancing existing coping mechanisms such as religious beliefs, support networks and physical exercises among YPLHIV can counter the physical and psychosocial effects of living with HIV and improve well-being. Body image concerns should be acknowledged when addressing HIV-related health in both health and family settings.

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“…Previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa have described NCD comorbidities in adults living with HIV [44,[109][110][111][112]. Besides mental health [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121] and lung diseases [122][123][124][125][126], few studies have assessed the prevalence of NCDs and particularly NCD risk factors in AYLHIV in SSA other than as incidental ndings [127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134]. Risk behaviour research on AYLHIV in sub-Saharan Africa has predominantly focused on sexual risk behaviour [135].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases and Risk factors in South African Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV: Implications for Integrated Prevention

Kamkuemah¹,

Gausi²,

Oni³

2020

Preprint

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Background Adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLHIV) face an elevated NCD risk resulting from HIV, psychosocial challenges and the complications of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in six primary care facilities to investigate the prevalence of common NCDs and risk factors among AYLHIV in Cape Town, South Africa between March 2019 and January 2020. We collected information on pre-existent and previously unidentified NCDs and risk factors and collected sociodemographic information of adolescents and youth enrolled for primary HIV care. Characteristics between sexes and age groups were compared using parametric or non-parametric statistical tests. Results Three out of four participants were female, and the median age was 20.5 years (IQR 18.9–22.9). More than a quarter were not in education, employment or training (NEET) and 44% were multidimensionally poor. Our results show an existent burden of hypertension (5%) and central obesity (37%) as well as high levels of depression (43%) and psychological distress symptoms (44%). AYLHIV further self-reported high levels of household food insecurity (70%), low fruit and vegetable consumption, high fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage intake, low nutritional knowledge and insufficient physical activity. Beyond the NCD risk attributable to HIV and ART, these multiple risk factors coupled with early initiation of high-risk behaviours like smoking, alcohol and drug use, further increase risk. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of integrated prevention with NCD risk screening as part of HIV care for AYLHIV and the need for early intervention on social, environmental and economic determinants of NCDs targeting adolescents and youth.

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Understanding the experience and manifestation of depression in adolescents living with HIV in Harare, Zimbabwe

Abstract: Background

Cited by 77 publications

References 26 publications

Suicidal thoughts and behaviour among South African adolescents living with HIV: Can social support buffer the impact of stigma?

Suicidal thoughts and behaviour among South African adolescents living with HIV: Can social support buffer the impact of stigma?

“I like the way I am, but I feel like I could get a little bit bigger”: Perceptions of body image among adolescents and youth living with HIV in Durban, South Africa

Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases and Risk factors in South African Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV: Implications for Integrated Prevention

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