“…In this study, the variables chosen are based on their importance, as revealed in past studies. They consist of encouragement (Amin et al, 2011, 2014, Amin & Hashim, 2015; Gaskell et al, 2004), perception of benefits and risks toward GM food technology (Amin et al, 2017; Chen & Li, 2007; Ghanian et al, 2016; Ghoochani et al, 2017; Prati et al, 2012; Xu et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2019), religious acceptance (Allum et al, 2014; Amin et al, 2014; Nicholas, 2000), and perceived moral concerns (Amin et al, 2011; Gott & Monamy, 2004; Sjöberg, 2004). Therefore, the authors proposed the following hypotheses for the present paper to test the effect of several background variables on attitude:…”