Understanding the Geological History of Volcanoes: An Essential Prerequisite to Their Monitoring

Bachèlery, Patrick

doi:10.1002/9781394163359.ch1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 147 publications

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“…Sin embargo, también hay evidencia de efectos positivos del vulcanismo en los recursos naturales de una región (Ruiz et al, 2018), ya que provee de nutrientes a los suelos adyacentes (Shoji et al, 1993;Ugolini y Dahlgren, 2002;Takahashi y Dahlgren, 2016). Aunque este aspecto depende en gran medida de la naturaleza y tipo de erupción, ya que una caída de ceniza, que puede ser benéfica para la formación de suelos fértiles, puede ser seguida de un derrame de lava cuya pedogénesis es muy lenta (Bachèlery, 2022), tal como ocurrió con las erupciones del Xitle (Córdova et al, 1994;Solleiro-Rebolledo et al, 2016) o el Paricutín (Inbar et al, 1994). Por lo que, el entendimiento de la historia eruptiva y el comportamiento de la actividad volcánica pasada ayuda a plantear medidas concretas para la resiliencia de las sociedades (Bachèlery, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Impactos de la actividad volcánica en época prehispánica: Estudios edáficos en los sitios arqueológicos de Cerro del Teúl y El Pitayo, Tres Mezquites en el occidente de México

García Zeferino,

Solleiro Rebolledo,

Cabadas Báez

et al. 2024

Geofis Int

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Volcanic activity in ancient Mesoamerica was decisive for many populations since it influenced daily life and the way of understanding the world. Eruptive events can provoke the total or partial abandonment of the sites, changes in the social organization, and, inclusively, changes in the pedogenesis with alteration of the natural resources. The impact of volcanic activity can be detected easily. However, it can also be “hidden” among the soil and archaeological materials; consequently, its identification and analysis are essential to understanding archaeological stratigraphy. To document the above, this work presents the results obtained at two sites in western Mexico: Cerro del Teúl in Zacatecas (ca. 100-1531 d.C.) and El Pitayo in Michoacán (200- 600 d.C.). In the case of Cerro de Teúl, the construction fills were analyzed in two stratigraphic profiles: the Patio Hundido (PH21) and the Main Plaza (P2M80). In El Pitayo, construction fills and soil horizons were analyzed in two profiles located in a trench with an E-W orientation (East Trench and South Trench). The main objective was to identify the impact of volcanic activity on the archaeological stratigraphy and the transformations of volcanic materials as a consequence of natural and anthropogenic processes, using colorimetric, granulometric, and micromorphological analyses. In addition, the chemical composition (by X-ray fluorescence) and the petrography of the volcanic ash found in the sites were determined and compared with that from surrounding volcanoes. According to the results, the ash observed in Cerro Teúl originated from the Jala eruption of the Ceboruco volcano, dated 990-1020 AD. This eruption did not produce the site abandonment, as the site was rapidly re-occupied, and the ash was left between the construction fills. In the case of El Pitayo, according to archaeological evidence (the ages of the abandoned artifacts and the absence of volcanic glass on the lower floors of the construction), it is probable that the landslide was emitted during the first half of the 6th century and the site contin- ued developing after the event. The geochemical and mineralogical composition of the volcanic materials found in the excavations has an intermediate-acid affinity, which contrasts with the monogenetic volcanism in the area; however, as the material is reworked, it is probable that the original mineralogical composition has been modified by transport and erosional processes, or diluted by the mixture with more acid sources, as evidenced by the domain of volcanic glass with heterogeneous textures and morphologies. Until now, there is a possible source of emission of the volcanic material associated with that found in the “black earth” at the site of El Pitayo, which is the El infiernillo volcanic event, located south of Michoacán and which has a date of 1500- 1370 BC (Mahgoub et al., 2017). However, the “black earth” that covered the site is after this dating, so chronologically it would not correspond to an eruption that occurred during the occupation of the site, but it allows us to associate it as a product of a landslide from Cerro El Arco, since that the geochemical characterization of the volcanic glass shows a very close affinity to this El Infiernillo event.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Impactos de la actividad volcánica en época prehispánica: Estudios edáficos en los sitios arqueológicos de Cerro del Teúl y El Pitayo, Tres Mezquites en el occidente de México

García Zeferino,

Solleiro Rebolledo,

Cabadas Báez

et al. 2024

Geofis Int

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Long-term hazard assessment at Irazú volcano (Costa Rica)

Campos-Durán,

Martí,

Alvarado

2024

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Volcano Geology: A Fundamental Tool to Quantify Volcanic Hazards

Martí

2024

A Comprehensive Study of Volcanic Phenomena [Working Title]

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Volcanic hazard assessment relies on analyzing past eruptions documented in historical and geological records to identify potential future eruptive scenarios and assign probabilities to their occurrence. This process involves quantifying geological data, such as the composition, distribution, and textures of volcanic products, to understand magma properties, eruption dynamics, and depositional mechanisms. Such data are crucial for evaluating the potential impact, exposure, and vulnerability of areas at risk from future eruptions. Both probabilistic and deterministic approaches may be used, depending on the purpose of the hazard assessment, but geological data remain the foundation for models that predict volcanic hazards. However, volcanic systems are inherently complex, making it difficult to precisely quantify these data. As a result, only thresholds or ranges are often provided, contributing to significant uncertainty in the assessment. This uncertainty must be clearly communicated for accurate interpretation of the results. Additionally, many active volcanoes lack sufficient data, especially those with long intervals between eruptions, further complicating hazard assessments. Despite these challenges, volcanic hazard assessment is critical for reducing risks and preparing for future volcanic events.

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Understanding the Geological History of Volcanoes: An Essential Prerequisite to Their Monitoring

Cited by 3 publications

References 147 publications

Impactos de la actividad volcánica en época prehispánica: Estudios edáficos en los sitios arqueológicos de Cerro del Teúl y El Pitayo, Tres Mezquites en el occidente de México

Impactos de la actividad volcánica en época prehispánica: Estudios edáficos en los sitios arqueológicos de Cerro del Teúl y El Pitayo, Tres Mezquites en el occidente de México

Long-term hazard assessment at Irazú volcano (Costa Rica)

Volcano Geology: A Fundamental Tool to Quantify Volcanic Hazards

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