Understanding the hydrochemical behavior of groundwater and its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes in Pondicherry area, South India – A step towards sustainable development

Keesari, Tirumalesh; Ramakumar, K. L.; Chidambaram, S.; Pethperumal, S.; Thilagavathi, R.

doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2016.08.001

Cited by 92 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Majority of samples fall in the fields 1 and 4 for both of the seasons, but the relative proportion indicates that more number of post-monsoon samples fall in the field 1 as compared to pre-monsoon. This again corroborates the finding from Piper's diagram that the post-monsoon samples are originated from precipitation, while pre-monsoon samples show base exchange reaction as the governing reaction as indicated below (Hounslow 1995;Keesari et al 2016) (Fig. 9):…”

Section: Geochemical Study Of Groundwater Samplessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…3d). There are no guidelines prescribed for Na + and K + for drinking water, but for people with heart conditions excess Na + intake can be a matter of concern (WHO 2011) and high K + concentration is harmful for human digestive and nervous system due to its laxative effect (Keesari et al 2016) (Fig. 3d).…”

Section: Suitability For Drinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values suggest that a majority of samples from both the seasons fall in excellent-to-permissible zones, while 32.5% samples in pre-monsoon and 26.3% of samples in post-monsoon fall in doubtful to unsafe category (Table 7). High Na + and EC reduce the osmotic pressure in the plants limiting the intake of nutrients present in water for proper growth (Keesari et al 2016). To study the integrated effect of EC and Na%, Wilcox diagram is used (Wilcox 1955).…”

Section: Irrigation Suitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of groundwater quality in hard rock aquifer of central Telangana state for drinking and agriculture purposes

et al. 2018

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Quality assessment of groundwater for drinking and irrigation was evaluated in parts of Nalgonda district of Telangana state, India. The overall groundwater quality and the suitability to drinking and irrigation were evaluated by hydrochemical analysis of 78 groundwater samples. The water quality parameters were compared with that of the limits set by World Health Organisation (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Groundwater is found to be contaminated by fluoride and nitrate ions. The water quality indices (WQI) suggest that during pre-monsoon, 72.5% samples are suitable for drinking while 86.8% are suitable during post-monsoon. Indicators like sodium absorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity (EC), percent of sodium (Na %), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), magnesium ratio (MR), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), salinity hazard (SH), potential salinity (PS), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), and magnesium ratio (MR) were estimated for assessing the irrigation suitability of the groundwater samples. Wilcox, United States Salinity Laboratory diagrams (USSL diagram) and Doneen's chart infer that most of the samples are suitable for irrigation purpose and the suitability improves during post-monsoon. The geochemical evolution of the groundwater was also studied using Piper's and Chadha's diagrams. The major facies found in groundwater are Na-Mg-HCO 3-Cl, Na-Mg-HCO 3 , Na-HCO 3 , Mg-Ca-HCO 3 , Mg-Na-HCO 3 and Na-Cl. Rock-water interaction, ion exchange and evaporite dissolution were found to be the major geochemical processes governing the groundwater chemistry.

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Section: Geochemical Study Of Groundwater Samplessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Suitability For Drinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Irrigation Suitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of groundwater quality in hard rock aquifer of central Telangana state for drinking and agriculture purposes

et al. 2018

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“…The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) generally represents the sodium/alkali hazard. The soil texture in the irrigated region probably becomes too hard to plough, because of the long-term application of irrigation water with high sodium levels [27]. The SAR values in the study area varied from 0.78 to 14.89 with a mean of 2.97.…”

Section: Irrigation Water Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Phreatic Water Quality Assessment and Associated Hydrogeochemical Processes in an Irrigated Region Along the Upper Yellow River, Northwestern China

Liu

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2020

Water

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Groundwater resources are playing an increasingly vital role in water supply for domestic and irrigation purposes in the Yinchuan Plain, along with the reduction in water transfer from the Yellow River. This study aimed to identify the current status of phreatic water quality and associated hydrogeochemical processes in an irrigated region along the upper Yellow River. A total of 78 water samples were collected in September 2018 for chemical analysis. Results showed that the phreatic water was excellent or good in most areas west of the Yellow River, while it was poor or very poor quality in some places east of the Yellow River. The nitrate contamination is particularly severe in the pluvial-alluvial plain, relating to the localized fine-grained zone with low permeability. Most samples had no sodium hazard but had magnesium hazard. Additionally, the overall evolutionary trend of the phreatic water showed the transformation of Ca-Mg-HCO 3 into Na-Cl-SO 4 type. Rock weathering and evaporation jointly predominate the evolution of phreatic water chemistry. The main geochemical processes involve the dissolution/precipitation of gypsum, halite, dolomite. and calcite, along with the cation exchange. Insights from this work have important implications for groundwater sustainable management in such irrigated regions along the upper Yellow River.

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“…It is found that spring samples normally show low EC (< 297 µS/cm) while hand pump and other samples show higher EC values (> 430 µS/cm). A wide range of EC values in water samples is indicative of multiple sources of ions, such as atmospheric, geogenic and anthropogenic contamination (Keesari et al 2002(Keesari et al , 2016aSharma et al 2016Sharma et al , 2017.…”

Section: Water Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of water resources in Kullu Valley in Himachal Himalayas, India: perspective and prognosis

et al. 2018

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The water quality in mountain regions of Himalaya is considered to be good and quantity adequate. However, recent reports suggest that urbanisation and population growth have been tremendous, which are impacting the land use/cover changes and also endangering the water resources both in quality and quantity. This paper elaborates the systematic investigation carried out on different attributes impacting the drinking water resources in Kullu valley. Two approaches were employed in this study: (1) ex-ante approach involving field survey and secondary data analysis from ancillary sources and (2) hydrochemical approach for the measurement of water quality parameters from springs. Results from ex-ante approach infer rise in population of about 15% during 2001-2011, which led to a significant change in land use pattern, microclimate and also increased water demand. Hydrochemistry of the water samples in the study area has indicated that the current status of spring waters is satisfactory for drinking purposes with a few incidences of high NO 3 − which is mostly attributed to contamination from sewage, while F − , Cl − and TDS contamination is mainly confined to hot springs. From both ex-ante approach and primary hydrochemical data it can be inferred that springs need to be restored in terms of both quantity and quality. Hydrochemical interpretation suggests two main groups of samples: (1) low TDS and Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO 3 type, which are mainly recharging waters with very less interaction with the aquifer material and (ii) moderate TDS and Mg-Ca-Cl, Ca-Na-HCO 3 , Na-CaCl-SO 4 and Ca-Mg-HCO 3 and have undergone water-rock interaction. Based on the inferences obtained from the Piper's, Chadha's and Durov's classification no evidence of hot springs contaminating or contributing to other cold springs and shallow groundwater (hand pump) is found. The study concludes that the water resources are vulnerable to anthropogenic interventions and needs treatment prior to drinking. Periodic monitoring of water quality and adopting proper treatment procedures are essential for supplying safe and sustainable water to the community in the Kullu valley, Himachal Pradesh.

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Understanding the hydrochemical behavior of groundwater and its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes in Pondicherry area, South India – A step towards sustainable development

Cited by 92 publications

References 22 publications

Assessment of groundwater quality in hard rock aquifer of central Telangana state for drinking and agriculture purposes

Assessment of groundwater quality in hard rock aquifer of central Telangana state for drinking and agriculture purposes

Phreatic Water Quality Assessment and Associated Hydrogeochemical Processes in an Irrigated Region Along the Upper Yellow River, Northwestern China

Quality of water resources in Kullu Valley in Himachal Himalayas, India: perspective and prognosis

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